Abstract: High temperature coal tar pitch was extracted with n-hexane, toluene and pyridine to produce a N-heptane-soluble component (HS), a N-heptane insoluble-toluene soluble component (HI-TS), a toluene insoluble-pyridine soluble component (TI-PS) and a pyridine insoluble component (PI). Mesophase pitch was prepared by direct thermal polycondensation using HS, HI-TS, TI-PS as the raw materials. Polarizing microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of the three mesophases, and their contents were measured by extracting thermal polycondensation products with tetrahydrofuran. Results showed that with increasing reaction temperature from 400℃ to 460℃, the HS tends to form mesophase pitch with larger anisotropic domains while the HI-TS and TI-PS produce flow-textured and mosaic structures with mesophase contents above 90%.