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Applications of nanocarbons in redox flow batteries

ZHANG Feng-jie ZHANG Hai-tao

张丰洁, 张海涛. 纳米炭在氧化还原液流电池中的应用. 新型炭材料, 2021, 36(1): 82-92. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60006-9
引用本文: 张丰洁, 张海涛. 纳米炭在氧化还原液流电池中的应用. 新型炭材料, 2021, 36(1): 82-92. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60006-9
ZHANG Feng-jie, ZHANG Hai-tao. Applications of nanocarbons in redox flow batteries. New Carbon Mater., 2021, 36(1): 82-92. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60006-9
Citation: ZHANG Feng-jie, ZHANG Hai-tao. Applications of nanocarbons in redox flow batteries. New Carbon Mater., 2021, 36(1): 82-92. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60006-9

纳米炭在氧化还原液流电池中的应用

doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(21)60006-9
详细信息
  • 中图分类号: TQ127.1+1

Applications of nanocarbons in redox flow batteries

Funds: This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0705601)
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  • 摘要: 氧化还原液流电池(RFB)被认为是最高效的电网级大规模电化学储能技术,随着能源危机和环境污染的加剧,其引起广泛的关注。电荷传输性质是与储能装置的电化学性能有关的关键因素。通常通过调节材料形态和尺寸有效地减小离子的扩散距离,进而提高离子的扩散系数和电子的传递效率。纳米炭具有特殊的微结构和电子结构,并能呈现出众多奇异的物化特性,例如高离子电导、优异的导热性和出色的机械性能,其在电化学储能中起着不可或缺的作用。调控碳的微观结构是改善其电子和离子传输行为的有效策略。本文回顾了纳米炭在RFB中的功能,特别是着眼于电极(悬浮电极)和双极板(集电极)中使用的纳米炭材料的改性和设计,其可提高能量效率、功率密度和流动池的稳定性。希望对纳米炭材料在氧化还原液流电池中的应用进行更全面系统的介绍,可为高性能氧化还原液流电池的设计提供新的视角。
  • Figure  1.  Classification of common carbon materials: according to bonding (hybridization of carbon atom orbitals) and dimension. (i.e., the number of dimensions not limited to the nanometer scale)[13]. Reprinted with permission.

    Figure  2.  A schematic illustration of the structure of a RFB. Reprinted with permission.

    Figure  3.  Schematic diagram of carbon electrode optimization improvement in aqueous flow battery[20]. Reprinted with permission.

    Figure  4.  Schematic diagram of (a) N and O double-doped GF electrode synthesized by urea pyrolysis[25] and (b) the preparation procedure of SnO2/Sb modified carbon paper[27]. Reprinted with permission.

    Figure  5.  SEM images of (a) carbon aerogel modified graphite felt[22], (b) glucose-derived hydrothermal carbons[41], (c)3D nitrogen-doped mesoporous graphene functionalized carbon blankets[42] and (d) porous nano-sheet carbon from zeolite-type metal organic framework[43]. Reprinted with permission.

    Figure  6.  Schematic diagram of (a) the chemical reaction part in a typical VRFBs system cell and (b) the microstructure of the synthesized composite BPs[46]. Reprinted with permission.

    Figure  7.  Schematic illustration of the synthesis of CFP@NSC[55]. Reprinted with permission.

    Table  1.   Several carbon fiber electrodes reported.

    ElectrodeTreatment of carbon fiber electrodePerformanceCurrent density(mA cm−2)Ref.
    New double diameter carbon fiber electrodeIt combines the advantages of high permeability of large fiber electrode and large specific surface area of small fiber electrodeThe energy efficiency is 79.43%150[28]
    Electrospun carbon fiberElectrospun carbon fibers with different structural properties (including pore size and pore distribution) were prepared by changing the concentration of the precursorThe energy efficiency is 79%, electrolyte utilization rate is 74%300[44]
    Nanopore engineered
    carbon felt
    When copper oxide etching is used to form a nano-catalysis layer on the carbon fiber surface, an ultra-thin nano-porous catalytic layer is formed on the carbon fiber surfaceThe energy efficiency is 85.1%, and the 2000 cycle test remains stable320[45]
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table  2.   Biochar used as flow electrodes for flow batteries previously reported.

    Biomass sourceBatteries systemPerformanceCurrent density(mA cm−2)Ref.
    Mycobacterium cell wallVRFBsIt shows high stability under more than 1000 continuous cycles200[23]
    The twin cocoonVRFBsThe average discharge capacity is 83% and the energy efficiency is 20% higher100[19]
    Pomelo peelZinc bromide flow batteriesEnergy efficiency is up to 81.2%, and no degradation was observed in the 100 cycles100[48]
    Biomass kiwi fruitVRFBsThe average energy efficiency is 80%, showing excellent electrochemical activity and stability in charge and discharge tests150[21]
    Shoulder blade of grassVRFBsThe energy efficiency reaches 72.4%, and the corresponding discharge capacity has also increased by 11.1%50[49]
    下载: 导出CSV

    Table  3.   Some researches on suspended electrodes in SSFBs reported.

    Suspension systemResearch factorsRef.
    LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2-based suspensionsConductive carbon black content[50]
    Li4Ti5O12-based organic suspensionsAmount of active substance in the suspension[9]
    Na2SO4-based suspensionsDispersion time and mixing methodology[51]
    LiPF6-based suspensionsRheological properties of carbon black suspension[52]
    Li4Ti5O12-based suspensionsThe type of carbon black, its concentration range and the flow rate range[53]
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-10-28
  • 修回日期:  2020-12-12
  • 刊出日期:  2021-02-01

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