Preparation of N/P Co-Doped Waste Cotton Fabric-Based Activated Carbon for Supercapacitor Application
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摘要: 将废弃资源转化为能源储存材料是一种变废为宝,解决当前能源短缺、改善环境问题的新方向。本文采用熔盐一步炭化活化法,结合聚磷酸铵共掺杂技术,将废旧棉织物制备出氮/磷共掺杂的棉基活性碳材料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附脱附(BET)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料的形貌、结构和成分进行表征分析,同时使用循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电(GCD)对材料的超级电容器电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,将废旧棉织物与聚磷酸铵(APP)混合后,在ZnCl2/KCl熔盐介质中经碳化活化处理得到氮/磷共掺杂活性碳BET比表面积为751 m2·g−1,在三电极体系中比电容高达423 F·g−1(电流密度为0.25 A·g−1时),在5 A·g−1的大电流密度下经过5000圈循环后其容量保持率高达88.9%。同时,将其组装成对称型超级电容器时,在200 W·kg−1的功率密度下其能量密度为28.67 Wh·kg−1。这种将废弃棉织物资源转化为储能材料的方法成功实现了废弃纺织物的高附加值再利用。Abstract: Transforming waste resources into energy storage materials is a new way to turn waste into treasure and solve the problem of energy shortage and environmental pollution in current society. In this paper, nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped activated carbon material was synthesized from the waste cotton fabric by one-step carbonization and activation in molten salt system combined with ammonium polyphosphate co-doping technology. The morphology, structure and composition of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption desorption (BET), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) were used to test the supercapacitor performance of the prepared materials. The results show that the waste cotton fabric, which is mixed with ammonium polyphosphate in the ZnCl2/KCl molten salt medium, then treated by carbonization and activation under high temperature, generates the nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped activated carbon with the specific surface area of 751 m2·g−1. In the three-electrode system, the specific capacitance is as high as 423 F·g−1 (at a current density of 0.25 A·g−1), and its capacitance retention is as high as 88.9% of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g−1. Meanwhile, when the material was assembled into a symmetrical supercapacitor, its best energy density can achieve 28.67 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 200 W·kg−1. According to these results, converting waste cotton fabric resources into energy storage materials has succeeded in achieving high value-added reuse of waste textiles.
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Key words:
- Waste cotton fabric /
- Activated carbon /
- Nitrogen/phosphorous co-dopant /
- Supercapacitor
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Table 1. BET surface area and pore structure characterization parameters of all samples.
Samples SBETa (m2∙g−1) Vtotalb (cm3∙g−1) Dc (nm) CF-0 350 0.032 2.846 CF-1 679 0.549 7.333 CF-2 751 1.372 20.32 (a) BET specific surface area
(b) total pore volume at p/p0 = 0. 99
(c) average pore diameter -
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