Research progress on the effect of graphene oxide on the properties of cement-based composites
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摘要: 氧化石墨烯（GO）是一种极具潜力的纳米增强材料，对水泥基复合材料具有显著的增强和增韧作用。但现有研究中仍存在一些盲点和有争议的领域，需通过进一步的研究加以阐明。本文综述了GO增强水泥基复合材料的最新研究进展，介绍了GO对水泥基复合材料性能的影响及其作用机制，重点阐述了GO在水泥环境中的分散性，GO对水化性能、工作性和流变性能和宏观性能（机械性能和耐久性能）的影响以及可能的增强和增韧机制。基于现有研究中存在的问题，提出了未来的研究重点，为GO在实际工程中的应用奠定了坚实的基础。Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO) has significant strengthening and toughening effects on cement-based composites as a nano-reinforcement filler, and research progress on these materials is presented. The effects of GO on the properties of cementitious composites are summarized, including the dispersion stability of GO in a cement environment, the hydration properties, workability, rheological properties, mechanical properties and durability. Reinforcement and toughening mechanisms are proposed. Prospective research trends are discussed based on the problems already encountered
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Key words:
- Graphene oxide /
- Cement /
- Dispersion /
- Hydration /
- Toughening and strengthening mechanism
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Figure 2. The influence of GO content on the cement hydration product content at different hydration ages: (a) cement gel and (b) CH[53].
Figure 3. (a) Differential and (b) cumulative pore size distributions of GO-Cement[48].
Figure 4. Intrusion pore volume of mercury at different pore size ranges for all cement mixes[68].
Figure 5. Schematic illustration of (a) the formation of flocculated structure and (b) the influence mechanism of GOSF[19].
Figure 7. (a) Young’s modulus values of the reference sample, (b) nanocomposite, (c) topography of the reference sample, (d) nanocomposite estimated by AFM[62].
Figure 8. GO-cement loading curve. (a) Stress-strain curve (compressive load) and (b) Load-displacement curve (flexural load). OPC: ordinary Portland cement[8].
Figure 9. Schematic reaction between carboxylic acid groups and hydration productions of cement[8].
Table 1. The improvement of GO dispersion processes.
Research system GO concentration
(mg/ml)GO
contenta (wt.%)w/cb Dispersion process Dispersant Refs. SPSd 4 0.02 0.4 (1) Add dispersant to GO solution.
(2) Add the dispersant to the simulated cement pore solution, and then add the GO solution (only for ADVA210)ADVA 210,
Sika Viscocrete 6, Gum Arabic,
Micro Air 905[33] CPSd 6 0.05 0.5 Mix the GO solution and the dispersant with electromagnetic stirring, and then sonicate for 30 min LS, PNS, PCEc [34] CP, APd 1, 2 0.04, 0.08 0.4 Add dispersant to GO solution and then mix with powder PCEc [36] CPd - 0.01–0.05 0.33 Chemically functionalized graphene oxide (GOM) was synthesized by the chemical reaction polyether amine [41] CPd - 0.01–0.05 0.29 Copolymerization of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) and PCE's monomers of methacrylic acid, sodium allyl sulfonate and methacrylate polyoxyethylene ether. PCEc [42] CPd - 0.01, 0.03 0.35 React GO with vinyltrimethoxysilane, then copolymerise with acrylic acid and isobutylene alcohol ethoxylates Vinyltrimethoxysilane [1] SPS, CPd 4 0.02 0.4 Add SF to the GO solution and stir for 30 s at 4000 r/min Silica fume [39] CPd 4 0.01, 0.03 0.3 Add GO solution to FA-cement system and stir Fly ash [40] Note: a: by weight of cement. b: water to cement ratio.
c: sodium lignosulfonate(LS), polycondensate of b-naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde (PNS), polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE).
d: simulated pore solution (SPS), cement pore solution (CPS), cement paste (CP), alite paste (AP).
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Table 2. The impact of GO on the hydration process.
w/ca Optimal dosage
(GO)dAdmixture Research
systemIn induction period minimum Peak heat
flow time (h)Peak heat
flow (mW. g−1)48 h total
heat (J. g−1)Refs. time (h) heat flow (mW. g−1) 0.4 0.04% - cement 1.40 (1.39)b 0.664 (0.622)b 7.705 (7.98121)b 3.79 (3.65)b - [48] 0.4 0.08% - cement - - 6.072 (6.447) 2.50 (2.35) 180.2 [49] 0.35 0.08% - cement - - 6.884 (7.392) 2.48 (2.32) 201.3 [47] 0.5 0.08% - alite - - 11.501 (11.883) 2.053 (1.773) - [52] 0.5 0.05% PCEc cement - - 14.089 (15.022) 6.004 (4.862) - [54] 0.4 0.04% PCE alite - - 22.003 (29.942) 2.492 (2.204) 155.6 [36] 0.5 0.05% PCE cement 2.50
(2.00)0.677 (0.702) 12.198 (12.499) 6.11 (5.203) - [26] Note: a: water to cement ratio. b: values in parentheses are blank groups. c: polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE). d: by the weight of cement or alite.
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Table 3. The influence of GO on the mechanical properties of cement-based composites.
Research system w/ca Optimal dosage (GO)b Age (d) PCE dosageb Compressive strength growth Flexural strength growth Refs. Cement paste 0.38 0.032% - 0.20% 17.800% 12.00% [77] Cement mortar 0.38 0.032% - 0.20% 23.20% 18.30% [77] Cement paste 0.44 0.03% 28 - 17.20% 7.80% [80] Cement paste 0.3 0.03% 28 - 8.50% 32.20% [40] Cement mortar 0.37 0.03% 28 0.20% 15.67% 20% [78] Cement paste 0.4 0.04% 28 - 15.10% - [19] Cement paste 0.4 0.04% 7 - 6.10% - [48] Cement paste 0.4 0.04% 28 - 14.00% - [48] Cement paste 0.5 0.03% 28 - 31.75% - [59] Cement paste 0.4 0.06% 28 - 46.60% 14.20% [49] Cement paste 0.5 0.10% 28 0.26% 16.98% 26% [75] Cement paste 0.4 0.20% 3 0.20% 42.30% - [20] Cement paste 0.4 0.20% 28 0.20% 11.20% - [20] Cement paste 0.29 0.05% 3 0.50% 52.40% 86.10% [69] Cement paste 0.29 0.05% 28 0.50% 40.40% 90.50% [69] Cement mortar 0.37 0.05% 3 0.50% 43.20% 69.40% [69] Cement mortar 0.37 0.05% 28 0.50% 24.40% 70.50% [69] Cement paste 0.4 0.03% 28 - - 26.55% [33] Cement paste 0.5 0.05% 7 - 19.58% 32.86% [8] Note: a: water to cement ratio. b: PCE and GO are by the weight of cement.
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