新型炭材料

Graphical Contents

2020, 35(4): .

Abstract(143)

PDF(124)

Abstract:

Graphical Contents

Research progress on the use of micro/nano carbon materials for antibacterial dressings

LIU Yong, LI Qian-qian, ZHANG Hui, YU Shi-ping, ZHANG Li, YANG Yong-zhen

2020, 35(4): 323-335. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60492-9

Abstract(570)

PDF(410)

Abstract:
Micro/nano carbon materials, including activated carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon dots and carbon aerogels, have a low production cost, excellent biocompatibility and physicochemical and mechanical properties when used as antibacterial materials and carriers for giving wound dressings a strong bactericidal activity and improved wound healing ability. Here, highly innovative antibacterial agents and antibacterial dressings based on these micro/nano carbon materials, that provide new alternatives to treat infected wounds are reviewed. The current problems for their use in antibacterial dressings are discussed, possible solutions are proposed, and prospects are considered.

Use of in-situ polymerization in the preparation of graphene/polymer nanocomposites

MAO He-nan, WANG Xiao-gong

2020, 35(4): 336-343. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60493-0

Abstract(844)

PDF(234)

Abstract:
Graphene oxide (GO) has a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the basal planes and edges, which makes easily dispersed in water and broadens its prospective use. In-situ polymerization, a common polymerization technique, is widely used in the synthesis of graphene/polymer nanocomposites. This paper considers the different preparation methods of graphene and graphene oxide, and the basic principle of in-situ polymerization and its use in the preparation of graphene or GO/polymer nanocomposites, including GO/polyimide, GO/epoxy, GO/polyurethane, GO/polystyrene, graphene/polyaniline, GO/polyaniline, GO/polyvinyl alcohol and GO/polydopamine.

The use of coal bed methane to fabricate diamonds

WU Yu-cheng, XING Xue-gang, YU Sheng-wang, TANG Bin, SHU Xue-feng

2020, 35(4): 344-357. doi: 10.19869/j.ncm.1007-8827.20200034

Abstract(665)

PDF(200)

Abstract:
The use of coal bed methane (CBM) to fabricate diamonds by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is proposed. The method uses a closed-loop system composed of CBM mining, CBM purification, the production of hydrogen from CBM for use in diamond growth, diamond fabrication and waste gas recovery. The requirements for the fabrication of diamonds of different grades for use in cutting tools, thermal management, and optical lens and field emission transistors are introduced as examples of the efficient utilization of CBM to produce different quality diamonds.

CoMoO₄-N-doped carbon hybrid nanoparticles loaded on a petroleum asphalt-based porous carbon for lithium storage

ZHU Yu-long, WANG Yi-xian, GAO Cai, ZHAO Wei-nan, WANG Xiao-bo, WU Ming-bo

2020, 35(4): 358-370. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60494-2

Abstract(619)

PDF(262)

Abstract:
Ultrafine transition metal oxides have great potential for efficient lithium storage but some key problems, such as a strong tendency to aggregate and poor electrical conductivity, need to be solved for their possible application. Here, hybrid nanoparticles of CoMoO₄ and N-doped carbon were formed in a petroleum asphalt-based porous carbon prepared by a template method. A Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was then synthesized in-situ in its pores from Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and 2-methylimidazole. The porous carbon was impregnated with Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, followed by solvothermal treatment at 180℃ for 24 h and finally calcination to convert the loaded components into hybrid nanoparticles of CoMoO₄ and N-doped carbon. Results indicate that the N-doped carbon boosts the electron transport ability of CoMoO₄ and efficiently prevents its aggregation. At an optimal CoMoO₄ loading the composite was used as an anode material in a lithium ion battery and delivered a reversible specific capacity of 818 mAh g^-1 at 1 A g^-1, an initial coulombic efficiency of around 70%, and outstanding cycle and structural stability during cycling. The strategy reported here may open up a new avenue for the rational design and construction of well-designed electrode materials for energy storage.

Insights into the photocatalytic behavior of carbon-rich shungite-based WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts for enhanced dye and pharmaceutical degradation

Zeynep Balta, Esra Bilgin Simsek

2020, 35(4): 371-383. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60495-4

Abstract(731)

PDF(137)

Abstract:
Carbon-rich shungite-based WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The morphological, structural, optical and physical features of the catalysts were characterized by XPS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and UV-Vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The photocatalytic performance of the catalysts was investigated for the degradation of Orange II dye and pharmaceuticals under UV-A irradiation. SEM images show that the shungite surface is completely covered with WO₃/TiO₂ particles. Raman and XPS analyses demonstrate that the carbon-rich shungite is well-incorporated with the WO₃ and TiO₂. UV-Vis DRS indicates enhanced visible-light absorption and a lowered band gap (2.83 eV) for the catalysts. The degradation degree of Orange II increases with increasing shungite ratio, which is ascribed to a combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis, and the improved light absorption and easy transfer of photogenerated holes and electrons across the interface of W/Ti. Mechanism studies indicate that the π-π conjugation between a dye molecule and the aromatic bonds of carbon materials are more dominant rather than columbic interactions, and that·O₂^- is the main species in Orange II degradation. However, the Orange II degradation efficiency is lowered in drinking water due to the photo-generated hole (h⁺)-scavenging effects by organic matter and salts and their competing adsorption with the target pollutant in the active sites on the catalyst surface. This work provides a possible use of the carbon-rich shungite as a natural carbon resource for the fabrication of carbon-based photocatalysts.

Boron-nitride-carbon nanosheet/graphene composites generated by covalent cross-linking which have an excellent capacitive deionization performance

WANG Gang, ZHANG Yun-qi, WANG Shi-yong, WANG Jian-ren, LI Tian-zhu, QIU Jie-shan

2020, 35(4): 384-393. doi: 10.19869/j.ncm.1007-8827.20190063

Abstract(579)

PDF(145)

Abstract:
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an effective method for removing ions from saline water. It has many technical advantages such as low energy consumption and no secondary pollution. The properties of electrode materials are the key factors that determine CDI performance. The boron nitride-carbon nanosheets were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state method and had a high specific surface area and good electrochemical stability. A boron nitride-carbon nanosheet/graphene composite with high desalination ability and excellent cycling stability was prepared by covalent cross-linking. In this composite, boron nitride-carbon nanosheets provide abundant adsorption sites for Na⁺ ions, and the excellent electrochemical stability improves the CDI cycle performance while the graphene forms an electronic conduction network, which increases the conductivity of the composite electrode. An asymmetric CDI cell using the composite as the anode and activated carbon as the cathode exhibits an excellent salt adsorption capacity of 20.16 mg g^-1 at a supplied voltage of 1.4 V when the feeding NaCl concentration is 3 200 mg L^-1. After the cell has been cycled 30 times with an initial NaCl concentration of 3 200 mg L^-1 at a supply voltage of 1.0 V, its capacity is 88.1% of the initial value.

Preparation and visible-light driven photocatalytic activity of the rGO/TiO₂/BiOI heterostructure for methyl orange degradation

JIN Yu-han, LI Chun-mei, ZHANG Yan-feng

2020, 35(4): 394-400. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60496-6

Abstract(643)

PDF(128)

Abstract:
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/TiO₂/BiOI ternary composites with different Bi/Ti molar ratios were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Their photocatalytic activities were investigated using methyl orange as a simulated pollutant. SEM, XRD, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, XPS and electrochemical tests were used to characterize their microstructures, light absorption properties and the mobility of photogenerated carriers. Results show that under visible light irradiation, the rGO/TiO₂/BiOI composite with a Bi/Ti molar ratio of 80% exhibits a highest degradation rate of 98% for methyl orange within 20 min. The TiO₂ nanoparticles are uniformly attached to BiOI nanosheets that are stacked on rGO sheets to form a heterostructure. The heterostructured rGO/TiO₂/BiOI has strong visible light absorption, which improves the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers and accelerates the carrier migration rate, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.

A N-doped rice husk-based porous carbon as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction

SHI Jun, LIN Nan, LIN Hai-bo, YANG Jin, ZHANG Wen-li

2020, 35(4): 401-409. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60497-8

Abstract(504)

PDF(172)

Abstract:
A N-doped rice husk-based porous carbon (N-RHPC) was cost-effectively prepared by simply treating RHPC at high temperature in an ammonia atmosphere. Results show that the mesopore volume and degree of graphitization of N-RHPC are significantly increased by the treatment. N atoms are doped in the RHPC structure in the form of pyridinic N (398.5 ±0.1 eV), pyridonic N (399.3 ±0.1 eV), and graphitic N groups (401.1 ±0.1 eV) and N-oxide (401.8 ±0.1 eV). Compared with a commercial Pt/C catalyst, the N-RHPC as an oxygen reduction electrocatalyst has a similar electrocatalytic activity, and better stability and methanol toxicity resistance. This excellent performance is ascribed to the increased number of catalytic sites afforded by the nitrogen species, the improved degree of graphitization that increases electron transfer, and the unique pore structure with macropores, mesopores and micropores for fast ion transport.

Preparation and performance of electrochemical glucose sensors based on copper nanoparticles loaded on flexible graphite sheet

LI Ji-hui, TANG Jia-xin, WEI Luo, HE Shuai-jie, MA Li-qiang, SHEN Wan-ci, KANG Fei-yu, HUANG Zheng-hong

2020, 35(4): 410-419. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60498-X

Abstract(390)

PDF(115)

Abstract:
A flexible graphite sheet can be used as a self-supported substrate material for sensors owing to its excellent conductivity and flexibility. Copper nanoparticle/flexible graphite sheet self-supporting enzyme-free glucose sensors were prepared by a hydrothermal method using copper sulfate as the elemental copper source and ascorbic acid as the reducing agent. Results indicate that both the molar ratio of copper sulfate to ascorbic acid and the hydrothermal temperature affect the microstructure and sensor performance. The optimal sensor obtained with a ratio of 1:0.5 at 150℃ has a low detection limit of 1.05 μmol/L, and high sensitivities of 7 254.1 μA·mM^-1·cm^-2(R²=0.996 1)from 0.1 to 3.4 μmol/L and 3 804.5 μA·mM^-1·cm^-2 (R²=0.999 5) from 3.4 to 5.6 μmol/L. The sensor possesses excellent anti-interference properties against sodium chloride, acetaminophenol, ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid, and has good reproducibility.

High performance sulphur-doped pitch-based carbon materials as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

HE Lei, SUN Yu-ren, WANG Chun-lei, GUO Hong-yi, GUO Yong-qiang, LI Chen, ZHOU Ying

2020, 35(4): 420-427. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60499-1

Abstract(819)

PDF(206)

Abstract:
Sulfur-doped pitch-based carbon materials with a high sulfur content were prepared by a two-step heat treatment method using medium-temperature coal tar pitch as the carbon source and sublimated sulfur as the sulfur source. The effect of the final carbonization temperature on the composition, microstructure and electrochemical properties of the materials suitability as anode materials for sodium ion batteries were investigated. Results show that by increasing the final carbonization temperature the sulfur content of the materials decreases significantly, and the specific surface area and interlayer spacing gradually increase. Among the carbons obtained at different final carbonization temperatures, the sulfur content of the carbon at 800℃ was 20.19 wt.% and its interlayer spacing 0.368 nm, and its reversible capacity was 482.8 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g for the first cycle and had values of 245.9 and 103.7 mAh/g at 0.5 and 5 A/g, respectively after 500 cycles. The excellent sodium storage performance of the carbon at 800℃ is attributed to its high sulfur content, large interlayer spacing and suitable pore structure.

Effects of the deposition temperature on the microwave-absorption performance of Fe/CNT composites

LIU Yuan, LAI Jie, SHI Jin-feng

2020, 35(4): 428-435. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60500-5

Abstract(498)

PDF(116)

Abstract:
Iron coated carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite absorbents were prepared by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method using carbonyl iron as the Fe precursor. The microstructures and electromagnetic properties of the composites were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and a vector network analyzer. Results show that the morphology and microwave absorption properties of these core-shell composites are controlled by changing the deposition temperature. The number of iron nanoparticles deposited on the surface of the CNTs gradually increases with increasing deposition temperature in the range 210-240℃. Too high a temperature (270℃) causes agglomeration of the Fe nanoparticles on the surface of the CNTs. When the thickness of the electromagnetic coating is 2.9 mm, the composite prepared at 240℃ has the best microwave absorption, with a maximum absorption bandwidth of 6.1 GHz (10.2-16.3 GHz), a minimum reflectivity of -28.3 dB and an absorption intensity less than -10 dB at 6.1 GHz.

A low-cost lotus leaf-based carbon film for solar-driven steam generation

GUO Ming-xi, WU Jing-bin, LI Feng-hai, GUO Qian-qian, FAN Hong-li, ZHAO Hui-min

2020, 35(4): 436-443. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60501-7

Abstract(636)

PDF(158)

Abstract:
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation has attracted much attention owing to its potential for addressing the shortage of freshwater. Low-cost and high-efficiency photothermal conversion materials are the key to the application. A low-cost lotus leaf-based carbon film (LLC) for use as a photo-to-heat conversion medium for solar-driven steam generation was prepared by the simple vacuum filtration of LLC obtained at a carbonization temperature of 800℃ using a porous fibrous filter paper. In a laboratory-made solar steam generation real-time test system using commercial polystyrene foam as the insulation layer and the LLC film on porous fibrous filter paper as the water transport path, the LLC film exhibits a solar-driven water evaporation rate of 1.30 kg/m² h and a solar-vapor conversion efficiency of 77.5%. The LLC film also shows excellent performance in seawater desalination and sewage purification. The work provides a possible route for the use of low-cost and environmentally friendly biomass-based carbon materials in solar-driven steam generation.

Preparation and physicochemical properties of nitrogen-doped graphene inks

HU Ke-wen, LI He-jun, QI Le-hua, LUO Jun, LIAN Hong-cheng

2020, 35(4): 444-451. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(20)60502-9

Abstract(525)

PDF(157)

Abstract:
Nitrogen-doped graphene ink is still not perfect for printing because of its low concentration, many defects, and easy agglomeration, limiting its use in functional printing devices. To solve these problems, nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) was prepared from nature flake graphite by a combined chemical oxidation-reduction and solvothermal method. It was dispersed in water with a help of a surfactant to prepare stable NG inks with a high NG content. Results indicate that the NG has a nitrogen content of 8.58 at% and an electrical conductivity of 257.2 S·m^-1. The stability of the dispersion of aqueous NG inks is regulated by controlling the mass ratio of the surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SLS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), to NG. The physicochemical properties of the stable NG inks in water can be regulated by adding SLS, SDS, or SDBS in different proportions. The zeta potentials range from -50 to -90 mV, viscosities from 1 to 3 mPa·s and surface tensions from 30.8 to 71.9 mN/m. A uniform NG line with a width of 250 μm is printed by uniform droplet spraying with an optimized NG ink. The NG in the line is uniformly distributed to form an excellent film. This work suggests a simple method for the production of stable NG inks, which might pave the way for preparing NG-based functional devices.

Effect of the epichlorohydrin grafting of starch on its pyrolysis behavior and mechanism

LI Mao-qun, CHEN Cheng-meng, SUN Guo-hua, XIE Li-jing

2020, 35(4): 452-458. doi: 10.19869/j.ncm.1007-8827.20190038

Abstract(765)

PDF(196)

Abstract:
Crosslinking is a common method for preparing biomass-based carbon materials. Corn starch grafted with epichlorohydrin was prepared and then stabilized and carbonized to obtain starch-based near-spherical carbon materials. The pyrolysis of corn starch under the influence of epichlorohydrin was analyzed by TG-MS, and the micro-morphology and crystal structure of the near-spherical carbon materials were characterized by SEM and XRD. The surface chemical evolution of the starch before and after pyrolysis was characterized by in-situ FTIR. The modified starch pyrolysis and the cross-linking reactions between epichlorohydrin and starch were investigated. Results indicate that for the modified starch the temperature at which the weight loss rate is a maximum is lowered so that the pyrolysis is relatively mild, and the destruction of the basic skeleton is reduced and the carbon yield greatly increased compared with pristine starch. The cross-linked starch tends to transform to aromatic structures in pyrolysis, the carbonization degree of the hydrolysate is improved, and the yield of the final product is increased compared to the non-crosslinked material. During pyrolysis, epichlorohydrin cross-links with starch to form a network structure, which stabilizes the starch skeleton, thus reducing the production of volatile small molecules.

2020 Vol. 35, No. 4

Classified CollectionMORE

Information Notice MORE MORE

DownloadMORE

LinksMORE