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以MoS2修饰的3D打印还原石墨烯气凝胶制备微型超级电容器电极
WANG Meng-ya, LI Shi-you, GAO Can-kun, FAN Xiao-qi, QUAN Yin, LI Xiao-hua, LI Chun-lei, ZHANG Ning-shuang
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60823-1
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Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are of interest because of their high power density and excellent cycling performance, offering a broad array of potential applications. However, preparing electrodes for the MSCs with an extremely high areal capacitance and energy density remains a challenge. We constructed MSC electrodes with an ultra-high area capacitance and a high energy density, using reduced graphene oxide aerogel (GA) and MoS2 as the active materials, combined with 3D printing and surface modification. Using 3D printing, we obtained electrodes with a stable macrostructure and a GA-crosslinked micropore structure. We also used a solution method to load the surface of the printed electrode with molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, further improving the electrochemical performance. The surface capacitance of the electrode reached 3.99 F cm2, the power density was 194 W cm2, and the energy density was 1997 mWh cm2, confirming its excellent electrochemical performance and cycling stability. This work provides a simple and efficient method for preparing MSC electrodes with a high areal capacitance and energy density, making them ideal for portable electronic devices.
由乙烯焦油制备锂离子电池负极材料用碳质前驱体的氧化反应机理与反应动力学
GUO Tian-rui, CHEN Rong-qi, GAO Wei, WANG Yan-li, ZHAN Liang
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60597-3
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The oxidation reaction mechanism and its kinetics for ethylene tar were investigated in order to obtain a suitable cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The oxidation of ethylene tar was divided into 3 stages (350–550, 550–700 and 700–900 K) according to the thermogravimetric curve. To reveal the oxidation reaction mechanism, the components of the gases evolved at different stages were analyzed by mass spectrometry and infrared technology. Based on these results the reaction was divided into 4 stages (323–400, 400–605, 605–750 and 750–860 K) to perform simulation calculations of the kinetics. Using the iso-conversion method (Coats-Redfern) to analyze the linear regression rates (R2) between 17 common reaction kinetics models and experimental data, an optimum reaction kinetics model for expressing the oxidation of ethylene tar was determined and the results were as follows. (1) During oxidation, the side chains of aromatic compounds first react with oxygen to form alcohols and aldehydes, leaving peroxy-radicals on aromatic rings. Subsequently, the aromatic compounds with peroxy-radicals undergo polymerization/condensation reactions to form larger molecules. (2) A fourth-order reaction model was used to describe the first 3 stages in the oxidation process, and the activation energies are 47.33, 18.69 and 9.00 kJ·mol1 at 323–400, 400–605, 605–750 K, respectively. A three-dimensional diffusion model was applied to the fourth stage of the oxidation process, and the activation energy is 88.37 kJ·mol1 at 750–860 K. A high softening point pitch was also produced for use as a coating of the graphite anode, and after it had been applied the capacity retention after 300 cycles increased from 51.54% to 79.07%.
基于工程化设备通过调控纺丝温度提高中间相沥青炭纤维力学和导热性能
YE Gao-ming, SHI Kui, WU Huang, HUANG Dong, YE Chong, OUYANG Ting, ZHU Shi-peng, FAN Zhen, LIU Hong-bo, LIU Jin-shui
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60826-7
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Mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCFs) were prepared using industrial equipment with a constant extrusion rate of pitch while controlling the spinning temperature. The influence of spinning temperature on their microstructures, mechanical properties and thermal conductivities was investigated. SEM images of the fractured surface of MPCFs show that the graphite layers have a radiating structure at all spinning temperatures, but change from the fine-and-folded to the large-and-flat morphology when increasing the spinning temperature from 309 to 320 oC . At the same time the thermal conductivity and tensile strength of the MPCFs respectively increase from 704 W·m1·K1 and 2.16 GPa at 309 oC to 1 078 W·m1·K1 and 3.23 GPa at 320 oC. The lower viscosity and the weaker die-swell effect of mesophase pitch at the outlets of the spinnerets at the higher spinning temperature contribute to the improved orientation of mesophase pitch molecules in the pitch fibers, which improves the crystallite size and orientation of the MPCFs.
聚酰亚胺辅助制备高定向石墨烯基全炭泡沫及其在导热聚合物复合材料中的应用
XIONG Ke, SUN Zhi-peng, HU Ji-chen, MA Cheng, WANG Ji-tong, GE Xiang, QIAO Wen-ming, LING Li-cheng
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60835-8
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Graphene often becomes preferentially oriented during processing because of its two-dimensional layer structure. As a result, thermal interface materials (TIMs) composed of a polymer and graphene often have a high in-plane (IP) thermal conductivity (K), however, the low cross-plane conductivity makes them unsuitable for practical use. We report the development of high-quality polyimide/graphite nanosheets (PG) perpendicular to the plane using a directional freezing technique that increase the cross-plane K of polymer-based composites. Graphene-based nanosheets (GNs) were obtained by the crushing of scraps of highly thermally conductive graphene films. A water-soluble polyamic acid salt solution was used to disperse the hydrophobic GN filler to achieve directional freezing. The polyimide, which facilitated the directional alignment of the GNs, was then graphitized. The introduction of the GNs increases the order and density of the PG, thus improving the strength and heat transfer performance of its polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite. The obtained PG/PDMS composite (21.1% PG, mass fraction) has an impressive cross plane K of 14.56 W·m1·K1, 81 times that of pure PDMS. This simple polyimide-assisted graphene alignment method provides ideas for the widespread fabrication of anisotropic TIMs and enables the reuse of scraps of graphene films.
金属氧化物/炭复合材料抑制锂硫电池穿梭效应的研究进展
ZHOU Zhi-qiang, WANG Hui-min, YANG Lu-bin, MA Cheng, WANG Ji-tong, QIAO Wen-ming, LING Li-cheng
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60838-3
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Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are among the most promising next-generation electrochemical energy-storage systems due to their exceptional theoretical specific capacity, inexpensive production cost and environmental friendliness. However, the poor conductivity of S and Li2S, severe lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttling and the sluggish redox kinetics of the phase transformation greatly hinder their commercialization. Carbonaceous materials could be potentially useful in Li-S batteries to tackle these problems with their high specific surface area to host LiPSs and sulfur and excellent electrical conductivity to increase electron transfer rate. However, non-polar carbon materials are unable to interact closely with the highly polar polysulfides, resulting in a low sulfur utilization and a serious shuttle effect. Because of their advantages of strong polarity and a large number of adsorption sites, integrating transition metal oxides (TMOs) with carbon-based materials (CMs) increases the chemical adsorption of LiPSs and electrochemical reaction activity for LiPSs. The working principles and main challenges of Li-S batteries are discussed followed by a review of recent research on the ex-situ and in-situ synthesis of TMO/CM composites. The formation of TMO/CMs with the dimensionalities of CMs from 1D to 3D are then reviewed together with ways of changing their structure, including heterostructure design and vacancy engineering. Finally, the outlook for using TMO/CMs in Li-S batteries is considered.
石墨烯基材料在电磁屏蔽领域的研究进展
杨赏娟, 曹赟, 贺艳兵, 吕伟
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60840-1
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通信技术在为人类的生活带来便利的同时,其产生的电磁辐射对社会安全、人体健康产生的危害也受到了社会各界的广泛关注,宽屏蔽范围、高吸收效率和高稳定性的电磁屏蔽材料逐渐成为研究热点。石墨烯是一种导电性高、比表面积大且可调控性高的轻质材料,可有效实现电磁衰减,保护精密电子设备和人体健康,在电磁屏蔽领域具有广阔的应用前景。本综述从电磁屏蔽的基本原理与石墨烯基材料的结构特性角度,阐述了石墨烯及其衍生物的电磁屏蔽特点,总结了结构调控以及表面异质化、复合化策略在电磁屏蔽领域的应用。结构调控有利于提高石墨烯基材料对电磁波的吸收损耗和多重反射损耗;表面异质化和复合化策略有利于提高石墨烯基材料的界面极化和磁特性,从而加强对电磁波的吸收损耗和磁损耗。总结了石墨烯基电磁屏蔽材料的改性方法,旨在为开发新一代绿色、轻薄、高屏蔽带宽的电磁屏蔽材料提供启发,指明石墨烯基电磁屏蔽材料的未来发展方向。
三维整体式碳基光热转换材料在太阳能界面水蒸发中的应用研究进展
韩悦, 张鹏, 赵晓明
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60827-9
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光热驱动的海水淡化技术被认为是最具潜力的解决全球淡水资源短缺难题的方法之一。其中,太阳能界面水蒸发(SVG)是海水淡化效率的核心过程,是保证光热海水淡化技术具有能量转换效率高、设备简单、成本效益高的关键。在所有高效SVG候选材料中,三维整体式碳基光热转换材料具有成本低、吸光效率高、结构可调性好、水蒸发速率高、无二次污染等优点。本综述首先简述了SVG 的基本原理,以此为依据介绍了高效 SVG 材料的工作机制和设计原则,最后系统归纳和概述了4种不同类型的三维整体式碳基光热转换材料的研究进展。本综述为未来三维整体式碳基光热转换材料的构建及其在SVG领域的应用研究提供理论基础和研究指导。
氮掺杂空心碳纳米球嵌入氮掺杂石墨烯形成三维互连结构的甲酸氧化电催化剂载体
FANG Yue, YANG Fu-kai, QU Wei-li, DENG Chao, WANG Zhen-bo
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60844-9
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Efficient electrocatalysts with a low cost, high activity and good durability play a crucial role in the use of direct formic acid fuel cells. Pd nanoparticles supported on N-doped hollow carbon nanospheres (NHCs) were embedded in an assembly of N-doped graphene (NG) with a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure by a simple and economical method and were investigated as direct formic acid fuel cell catalysts. Because of the unique porous configuration of interconnected layers doped with nitrogen atoms, the Pd/NHC@NG catalyst with Pd nanoparticles has a large catalytic active surface area, superior electrocatalytic activity, a high steady-state current density, and a strong resistance to CO poisoning, far surpassing those of conventional Pd/C, Pd/NG, and Pd/NHC catalysts for formic acid electrooxidation. When the HC/GO mass ratio was 1∶1, the Pd/NHC@NG catalyst had an outstanding performance in the catalytic oxidation of formic acid, with an activity 4.21 times that of Pd/C. This work indicates a way to produce superior carbon-based support materials for electrocatalysts, which may be used for the development of fuel cells.
硼氮共掺杂海藻酸钠基多孔炭的制备及其高效快速储锌的研究
LU Ya-ping, WANG Hong-xing, LIU Lan-tao, PANG Wei-wei, CHEN Xiao-hong
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60847-4
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In recent years, zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their environmental friendliness and excellent electrochemical properties. However, the performance of ZIHCs is mainly limited by the electrochemical performance of the cathode, so it is necessary to develop an advanced cathode material. In this work, the N, B co-doped sodium alginate-based porous carbon (NBSPC) is prepared by one-step co-carbonization using sodium alginate as matrix and NH4B5O8 as N and B sources. This N, B co-doping strategy can make the pore structure of porous carbon materials more reasonable and increase surface functional groups, greatly improving the capacitive behavior of the raw materials and thus improving their electrochemical performance. When used as the cathode in ZIHCs, NBSPC shows excellent rate performance (85.4 mA h g−1 even at ultra-high current density of 40 A g−1) and cycling stability (15,000 cycles at 20 A g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 94.5%).
石墨炔:一种用于合成水污染物有效吸附剂的新型炭材料
Gaurav Sharma, Yaksha Verma, Amit Kumar, Pooja Dhiman, WANG Tong-tong, Florian J. Stadler
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60830-9
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Graphdiyne (GDY), a new two-dimensional (2D) carbon molecule, is expected to have applications in the removal of contaminants from aqueous media. It has superior conjugation, unusual and varied electronic properties, and exceptional chemical and thermal stability because of its framework of sp and sp2 hybridized carbon bonds that are combined to produce benzene rings and diacetylenic bonds in a two-dimensional symmetrical network. Its molecular chemistry is the result of it having carbon-carbon triple bonds, with a regular distribution of triangular pores in its structure, which provide reaction sites and various reaction pathways. GDY is an adsorbent with an excellent efficiency for the removal of oil, organic pollutants, dyes, and metals from contaminated water, but there is limited evidence of it being used as an adsorbent in the literature. This review discusses its synthesis and its use as an adsorbent together with its prospects for pollutant removal.
一种新型的负极材料助力高倍率及长寿命的锂/钠储存
ZHANG Chun-hui, ZHANG Jia-yuan, ZHAN Jie-yang, YU Jian, FAN Lin-lin, YANG An-ping, LIU hong, GAO Guang-gang
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60845-0
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It is imperative to design suitable anode materials for both lithium-ion (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with a high-rate performance and ultralong cycling life. We fabricated a MoO2/MoS2 heterostructure that was then homogeneously distributed in N,S-doped carbon nanofibers (MoO2/MoS2@NSC) by electrospinning and sulfurization. The one-dimensional carbon fiber skeleton serves as a conductive frame to decrease the diffusion pathway of Li+/Na+, while the N/S doping creates abundant active sites and significantly improves the ion diffusion kinetics. Moreover, the deposition of MoS2 nanosheets on the MoO2 bulk phase produces an interface that enables fast Li+/Na+ transport, which is crucial for achieving high efficiency energy storage. Consequently, as the anode for LIBs, MoO2/MoS2@NSC gives an excellent cycling stability of 640 mAh g1 for 2000 cycles under 5.0 A g1 with an ultralow average capacity drop of 0.002% per cycle and an exceptional rate capability of 614 mAh g1 at 10.0 A g1. In SIBs, it also produces a significantly better electrochemical performance (reversible capacity of 242 mAh g1 under 2.0 A g1 for 2000 cycles and 261 mAh g1 under 5.0 A g1). This work shows how introducing a novel interface in the anode can produce rapid Li+/Na+ storage kinetics and a long cycling performance.
用于电催化合成过氧化氢的碳电极综述
HUANG Xian-huai, YANG Xin-ke, GUI Ling, LIU Shao-gen, WANG Kun, RONG Hong-wei, WEI Wei
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60846-2
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Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction by a 2e pathway enables the instantaneous synthesis of H2O2, a process that is far superior to the conventional anthraquinone process. In recent years, the electrocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 using carbon electrodes has attracted more and more attention because of its excellent catalytic performance and superior stability. The relationship between material modification, wettability and the rate of H2O2 synthesis and service life is considered together with the three-phase interface. The structure of the carbon electrodes and the principles of electrocatalytic H2O2 synthesis are first introduced, and four major catalysts are reviewed, namely, monolithic carbon materials, metal-free catalysts, noble metal catalysts and non-precious metal catalysts. The effects of the metal anode and the electrolyte on the three-phase interface are described. The relationship between carbon electrode wettability and the three-phase interface is described, pointing out that modification focusing on improving the selectivity of the 2e pathway can also impact electrode wettability. In addition, the relationship between the design of the components in the electrochemical system and their effect on the efficiency of H2O2 synthesis is discussed for carbon electrodes. Finally, we present our analysis of the current problems in the electrocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 for carbon electrodes and future research directions.
真空抽滤结合反应熔渗法制备ZrB2-ZrC-SiC改性碳/碳复合材料的力学性能及烧蚀行为
ZHANG Jia-ping, SU Xiao-xuan, LI Xin-gang, WANG Run-ning, FU Qian-gang
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60841-3
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The development of advanced aircrafts relies on high performance thermal-structural materials and composites of carbon/carbon (C/C) with ultrahigh-temperature ceramics are ideal candidates. However, traditional routes of compositing are either inefficient and expensive or lead to non-uniform distribution of ceramics in the matrix. Here, vacuum filtration of ZrB2 was successfully applied to introduce ZrB2-ZrC-SiC into C/C as a supplement for reactive melt infiltration ZrSi2, which contributed to the content increase and uniform distribution of the introduced ceramic phases. The mass and linear ablation rates of the composites were reduced by 68.9% and 29.7%, respectively, compared to those of C/C-ZrC-SiC composites prepared through reactive melt infiltration. The ablation performance was improved because of the volatilization of B2O3, taking a part of the heat away, and more uniformly distributed ZrO2 that could promote the formation of ZrO2-SiO2 continuous protective layer. This efficiently resisted the mechanical denudation and hindered the oxygen infiltration.
采用两步炭化法和熔盐模板法制备的用于储钠的 N、S 共掺煤基硬碳
NIU Hui-zhu, WANG Hai-hua, SUN Li-yu, YANG Chen-rong, WANG Yu, CAO Rui, YANG Cun-guo, WANG Jie, SHU Ke-wei
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60842-5
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Hard carbon, known for its abundant resources, stable structure and high safety, has emerged as the most popular anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Among various sources, coal-derived hard carbon has attracted extensive attention. In this work, N and S co-doped coal-based carbon material (NSPC1200) was synthesized through a combination of two-step carbonization process and heteroatom doping using long-flame coal as a carbon source, thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source, and NaCl as a template. The two-step carbonization process played a crucial role in adjusting the structure of carbon microcrystals and expanding the interlayer spacing. The N and S co-doping regulated the electronic structure of carbon materials, endowing more active sites. Additionally, the introduction of NaCl as a template contributed to the construction of pore structure, which facilitates better contact between electrodes and electrolytes, enabling more efficient transport of Na+ and electrons. Under the synergistic effect, NSPC1200 exhibited exceptional sodium storage capacity, reaching 314.2 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1. Furthermore, NSPC1200 demonstrated commendable cycling stability, maintaining a capacity of 224.4 mAh g−1 even after 200 cycles. This work successfully achieves the strategic tuning of the microstructure of coal-based carbon materials, ultimately obtaining hard carbon anode with excellent electrochemical performance.
基于柔性多功能Fe2O3/CC正极宿主实现高效吸附与催化多硫化物的锂硫电池研究
田真, 薛磊磊, 丁红元
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60825-5
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锂硫电池因其高能量密度和低成本而成为最有发展前景的电化学储能器件之一。然而,多硫化物的“穿梭效应”、硫导电率低是锂硫电池商业化进程面临的主要挑战。本工作中,以九水合硝酸铁(Fe(NO)3·9H2O)为铁源,氟化铵(NH4F)为表面活性剂,通过简单的水热及煅烧处理制备了Fe2O3纳米棒修饰炭布(CC)的柔性Fe2O3/CC复合材料。其中,Fe2O3中介孔的存在有利于电解质的渗透和充放电过程中锂离子的传输和扩散,同时其密集阵列暴露出的丰富活性位点可以实现多硫化物的高效吸附和快速转化,降低多硫化物的穿梭效应。电化学分析显示:Fe2O3/CC正极在0.1 C(1 C=1672 mA g−1)的电流密度下具有1250 mAh g−1的高放电比容量,经过100圈循环后比容量保持在789 mAh g−1。在2 C的倍率下循环1000圈后仍能实现576 mAh g−1的放电比容量,容量保持率为70%,明显优于对比样品。上述结果表明,Fe2O3/CC能够很好地抑制多硫化物的穿梭,提高电池倍率性能和循环稳定性。
废旧三元锂电池石墨负极电化学除杂及其性能研究
张锐, 田勇, 张维丽, 宋佳音, 闵杰, 庞博, 陈建军
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60843-7
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随着新能源汽车迅速发展,动力锂离子电池应用越来越广泛,大量锂电池也迎来退役高峰期,废旧锂电池的回收综合利用已经引起世界各国高度关注。废旧锂电池石墨负极因其层状结构基本未变化,不需高温石墨化,只关注其内部杂质的去除。本文将废旧石墨负极热处理、超声分离和酸浸处理后,创新性地采用电化学处理将内部金属杂质深度去除。对比不同回收阶段的石墨,发现石墨中有机杂质的存在会严重影响各项电化学性能,微量Cu、Fe等无机杂质的存在对初始放电比容量影响不大,但会降低石墨的循环稳定性。最终回收的石墨内部主要金属杂质含量低于20 mg/kg,在0.1 C倍率下放电比容量达到358.7 mAh/g,循环150圈后容量保持率为95.85%。对比已报道的废旧石墨回收方法,此方法可深度去除石墨负极内部杂质,解决了目前酸碱用量大、除杂不彻底、能耗高等问题,回收再生石墨负极电化学性能较好,为废旧锂电池石墨负极提供了一条新的回收再生路径。
PES-C增韧E51/DETDA环氧树脂及其炭纤维复合材料的研究
WU Rong-peng, ZHANG Xing-hua, WEI Xing-hai, JING De-qi, SU Wei-guo, ZHANG Shou-chun
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(23)60741-3
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It is meaningful to find a toughener with a low dosage and effective improvement of interlaminar toughness in carbon fiber composites. In this paper, the toughening effect of phenolphthalein-based poly (ether sulfone) (PES-C) on E51/ DETDA epoxy and its carbon fiber composites (CFCs) was investigated. The SEM results showed that PES-C/epoxy blends formed sea-island phase and bicontinuous phase structure, which were associated with reaction-induced phase separation. After adding 15 phr PES-C, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of blends was increased by 51.5 °C. Meanwhile, the flexural strength, impact strength and fracture toughness of the blends were improved by 41.1%, 186.2% and 42.7%, respectively. These improvements could be attributed to the phase separation structure of the PES-C/epoxy system. Moreover, PES-C film was used to improve the mode-II fracture toughness (GIIC) of CFCs. GIIC value of the 7 μm PES-C film toughened laminate was improved by 80.3% than that of control laminate. The increase in GIIC could be attributed to cohesive failure and plastic deformation in the interleaving region.
炭纤维/聚醚酮酮湿法复合诱导非晶态粘附以增强界面剪切强度的研究
ZHANG Feng, LI Bo-lan, JIAO Meng-xiao, LI Yan-bo, WANG Xin, YANG Yu, YANG Yu-qiu, ZHANG Xiao-hua
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60646-2
摘要(351) HTML(228) PDF(53)
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Interfacial adhesion between carbon fiber (CF) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is a key factor that affects the mechanical performances of their composites. Therefore, it is of great importance to impregnate PEKK into CF bundles as efficiently as possible. Here we report that owing to the high dissolubility, PEKK can be introduced onto CF surfaces via a wet strategy. The excellent wettability of PEKK guarantees a full covering and tight binding on CFs, making it possible to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) with the microdroplet method. Furthermore, the interior of CF bundles can be completely and uniformly filled with PEKK by the solution impregnation, leading to a high interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). The maximum IFSS and ILSS can reach 107.8 and 99.3 MPa, respectively. Such superior shear properties are ascribed to the formation of amorphous PEKK confined in the limited spacing between CFs.
高韧性低粘度碳纳米管/聚醚酰亚胺/聚醚醚酮纳米复合材料的研究
SONG Jiu-peng, ZHAO Yan, LI Xue-kuan, XIONG Shu, LI Shuang, WANG Kai
当前状态:  doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60643-7
摘要(427) HTML(227) PDF(33)
摘要:
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has favorable mechanical properties. However, its high melt viscosity limits its applications because it is hard to process. In this study, PEEK nanocomposites modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyether imide (PEI) were prepared using a direct wet powder blending method. The melt viscosity of the nanocomposites decreased by approximately 50%. Under optimal conditions, the addition of CNTs and PEI resulted in a synergistic increase in the toughness of the nanocomposites. The elongation at break increased by 129%, and the fracture energy increased by 97%. The uniformly dispersed CNTs/PEI powder reduces the processing difficulty of PEEK nanocomposites without affecting the heat resistance. The nanocomposites prepared by this method have lower melt viscosity. This improvement of the properties of PEEK would facilitate its use in the preparation of thermoplastic composites by powder impregnation or laser sintering technology.
2024年1期序言
2024, 39(1): 1-2.  
摘要(55) HTML(13) PDF(23)
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2024 年 1 期中文目次
2024, 39(1): 1-1.  
摘要(57) HTML(15) PDF(12)
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2024年1期英文目次
2024, 39(1): 1-5.  
摘要(34) HTML(11) PDF(10)
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综合评述
面向大电流密度电解水的碳基催化剂研究进展
陈玉祥, 赵秀辉, 董鹏, 张英杰, 邹雨芹, 王双印
2024, 39(1): 1-16.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60831-0
摘要(217) HTML(61) PDF(94)
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Electrocatalytic water splitting is a promising strategy to generate hydrogen using renewable energy under mild conditions. Carbon-based materials have attracted attention in electrocatalytic water splitting because of their distinctive features such as high specific area, high electron mobility and abundant natural resources. Hydrogen produced by industrial electrocatalytic water splitting in a large quantity requires electrocatalysis at a low overpotential at a large current density. Substantial efforts focused on fundamental research have been made, while much less attention has been paid to the high-current-density test. There are many distinct differences in electrocatalysis to split water using low and high current densities such as the bubble phenomenon, local environment around active sites, and stability. Recent research progress on carbon-based electrocatalysts for water splitting at low and high current densities is summarized, significant challenges and prospects for carbon-based electrocatalysts are discussed, and promising strategies are proposed.
碳基电催化剂缺陷工程用于CO2还原反应
卢衍堃, 程白雪, 战浩宇, 周鹏
2024, 39(1): 17-41.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60833-4
摘要(125) HTML(48) PDF(53)
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Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality by converting CO2 into high-value-added chemicals using electric energy. Carbon-based materials are widely used in various electrochemical reactions, including electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, due to their low cost and high activity. In recent years, defect engineering has attracted wide attention by constructing asymmetric defect centers in the materials, which can optimize the physicochemical properties of the material and improve its electrocatalytic activity. This review summarizes the types, methods of formation and defect characterization techniques of defective carbon-based materials. The advantages of defect engineering and the advantages and disadvantages of various defect formation methods and characterization techniques are also evaluated. Finally, the challenges of using defective carbon-based materials in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are investigated and opportunities for their use are discussed. It is believed that this review will provide suggestions and guidance for developing defective carbon-based materials for CO2 reduction.
碳基无金属纳米材料用于电催化合成小分子化学品
石磊, 李彦哲, 尹华杰, 赵慎龙
2024, 39(1): 42-63.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60836-X
摘要(148) HTML(98) PDF(67)
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Electrocatalysis is a key component of many clean energy technologies that has the potential to store renewable electricity in chemical form. Currently, noble metal-based catalysts are most widely used for improving the conversion efficiency of reactants during the electrocatalytic process. However, drawbacks such as high cost and poor stability seriously hinder their large-scale use in this process and in sustainable energy devices. Carbon-based metal-free catalysts (CMFCs) have received growing attention due to their enormous potential for improving the catalytic performance. This review gives a concise comprehensive overview of recent developments in CMFCs for electrosynthesis. First, the fundamental catalytic mechanisms and design strategies of CMFCs are presented and discussed. Then, a brief overview of various electrosynthesis processes, including the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, chlorine, as well as various carbon- and nitrogen-based compounds is given. Finally, current challenges and prospects for CMFCs are highlighted.
炭材料在电解水制氢耦合有机氧化方面的研究进展
王治栋, 夏天, 栗振华, 邵明飞
2024, 39(1): 64-77.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60829-2
摘要(125) HTML(70) PDF(77)
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Producing organic electro-oxidation and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) simultaneously in an electrolytic cell is an appealing method for generating valuable chemicals at the anode while also producing H2 at the cathode. Within this framework, the task of designing energy-saving electrocatalysts with high selectivity and stability is a considerable challenge. Carbon-based catalysts, along with their supports, have emerged as promising candidates due to their diverse sources, large specific surface area, high porosity and multidimensional characteristics. This review summarizes progress from 2012 to 2022, in the use of carbon-based catalysts and their supports for organic electrooxidation and HER. It delves into outer-sphere electrooxidation mechanisms involving molecule-mediated oxidation and oxidative radical coupling reactions, as well as inner-sphere electrooxidation mechanisms, encompassing both acidic and alkaline electrolytes. The review also explores prospective research directions within this domain, addressing various aspects such as the design of electrocatalytic materials, the study of the relationship between the structure and properties of electrocatalysts, as well as examining their potential industrial applications.
MOF衍生碳基材料的电催化应用及其先进表征技术
陈曦, 李明轩, 闫金伦, 张龙力
2024, 39(1): 78-99.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60828-0
摘要(184) HTML(69) PDF(81)
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Because of the demand for clean and sustainable energy sources, nanocarbons, modified carbons and their composite materials derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as distinct catalysts for electrocatalytic energy conversion. These materials not only inherit the advantages of MOFs, like customizable dopants and structural diversity, but also effectively prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles of metals and metal oxides during pyrolysis. Consequently, they increase the electrocatalytic efficiency, improve electrical conductivity, and may play a pivotal role in green energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. This review first explores the carbonization mechanism of the MOF-derived carbon-based materials, and then considers 3 key aspects: intrinsic carbon defects, metal and non-metal atom doping, and the synthesis strategies for these materials. We also provide a comprehensive introduction to advanced characterization techniques to better understand the basic electrochemical catalysis processes, including mapping techniques for detecting localized active sites on electrocatalyst surfaces at the micro- to nano-scale and in-situ spectroscopy. Finally, we offer insights into future research concerning their use as electrocatalysts. Our primary objective is to provide a clearer perspective on the current status of MOF-derived carbon-based electrocatalysts and encourage the development of more efficient materials.
石墨烯基二氧化碳还原电催化材料研究进展
武泽林, 王聪伟, 张晓祥, 郭全贵, 王俊英
2024, 39(1): 100-130.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60839-5
摘要(217) HTML(64) PDF(105)
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通过电化学方法来减少二氧化碳(CO2),同时生产燃料和高附加值化学品,是一种克服全球变暖问题的有效策略,对于缓解能源和环境的双重压力具有重要的现实意义。由于CO2稳定的分子结构,设计高选择性、高能效和低成本的电催化剂是关键。石墨烯及其衍生物因其独特且优异的物理、力学和电学性能,相对较低的成本,使其在CO2电还原方面具有竞争力。此外,石墨烯基材料的表面可以通过使用不同的方法进行改性,包括掺杂、缺陷工程、构建复合结构和包覆形状。首先,本文综述了电化学CO2还原的基本概念、评价标准,以及催化原理和过程。其次,简要介绍了石墨烯基催化剂的制备方法,并按照催化位点的类别,总结了石墨烯基催化剂近年来的研究进展。最后,对CO2电还原技术未来发展方向进行了探讨与展望。

研究论文
铋纳米颗粒负载的氮掺杂石墨毡用于稳定高效的铁铬液流电池
车航欣, 高宇飞, 杨家辉, 洪崧, 郝磊端, 徐亮, SanaTaimoor, AlexW. Robertson, 孙振宇
2024, 39(1): 131-141.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60837-1
摘要(108) HTML(48) PDF(60)
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Iron-chromium redox flow batteries (ICRFBs) use abundant and inexpensive chromium and iron as the active substances in the electrolyte and have great potential as a cost-effective and large-scale energy storage system. However, they are still plagued by several issues, such as the low electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+ and the occurrence of the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We report the synthesis of amorphous bismuth (Bi) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on N-doped graphite felts (GFs) by a combined self-polymerization and wet-chemistry reduction strategy followed by annealing, which are used as the negative electrodes for ICRFBs. The resulting Bi NPs react with H+ to form intermediates and greatly inhibit the parasitic HER. In addition, the combined effect of Bi and N dopants on the surface of GF dramatically increases the electrochemical activity of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cr3+/Cr2+, reduces the charge transfer resistance, and increases the mass transfer rate compared to plain GF. At the optimum Bi/N ratio of 2, a high coulombic efficiency of up to 97.7% is maintained even for 25 cycles at different current densities, the energy efficiency reaches 85.8% at 60.0 mA cm−2, exceeding many other reported materials, and the capacity reaches 862.7 mAh L−1 after 100 cycles, which is about 5.3 times that of bare GF.
Co3O4/石墨炔异质界面用于高效硝酸根制氨
陈朝阳, 赵淑雅, 栾晓雨, 郑志强, 闫佳玉, 薛玉瑞
2024, 39(1): 142-151.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60834-6
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The nitrate reduction reaction (NtRR) has been demonstrated to be a promising way for obtaining ammonia (NH3) by converting NO3 to NH3. Here we report the controlled synthesis of cobalt tetroxide/graphdiyne heterostructured nanowires (Co3O4/GDY NWs) by a simple two-step process including the synthesis of Co3O4 NWs and the following growth of GDY using hexaethynylbenzene as the precursor at 110 °C for 10 h. Detailed scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman characterization confirmed the synthesis of a Co3O4/GDY heterointerface with the formation of sp-C―Co bonds at the interface and incomplete charge transfer between GDY and Co, which provide a continuous supply of electrons for the catalytic reaction and ensure a rapid NtRR. Because of these advantages, Co3O4/GDY NWs had an excellent NtRR performance with a high NH3 yield rate (YNH3) of 0.78 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 92.45% at −1.05 V (vs. RHE). This work provides a general approach for synthesizing heterostructures that can drive high-performance ammonia production from wastewater under ambient conditions.
仙人掌状的NC/CoxP自支撑电极用于盐水电解实现高效稳定析氢
陈续, 赵金玉, 张文盛, 王晓敏
2024, 39(1): 152-163.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60824-3
摘要(104) HTML(50) PDF(65)
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Designing efficient and robust catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is imperative for saline water electrolysis technology. A catalyst composed of CoxP nanowires array with N-doped carbon nanosheets (NC) was fabricated on Ni foam (NF) by an in-situ growth strategy. The material is designated as NC/CoxP@NF. In the preparation process, Co(OH)2 nanowires were transformed into a metal organic framework of cobalt (ZIF-67) on NF by the dissolution-coordination of endogenous Co2+ and 2-methylimidazole. The resulting cactus-like microstructure gives NC/CoxP@NF abundant exposed active sites and ion transport channels, which improve the HER catalytic reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the interconnected alternating nanowires and free-standing nanosheets in NC/CoxP@NF improve its structural stability, and the formation of surface polyanions (phosphate) and a NC nanosheet protective layer improve the anti-corrosive properties of catalysts. Thus, the NC/CoxP@NF has an excellent performance, requiring overpotentials of 107 and 133 mV for HER to achieve 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH and 1.0 mol L−1 KOH + 0.5 mol L−1 NaCl, respectively. This in-situ transformation strategy is a new way of constructing highly-efficient HER catalysts for saline water electrolysis.
Ir纳米团簇负载于ZIF-8衍生的氮掺杂炭框架用于高效析氢反应
王希澳, 公衍尚, 刘之坤, 巫培山, 张立学, 孙建坤
2024, 39(1): 164-172.   doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60832-2
摘要(108) HTML(53) PDF(62)
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The precise change of the electronic structure of active metals using low-active supports is an effective way of developing high-performance electrocatalysts. The electronic interaction of the metal and support provides a flexible way of optimizing the catalytic performance. We have fabricated an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst, in which Ir nanoclusters are uniformly loaded on a nitrogen-doped carbon framework (Ir@NC). The synthesis process entails immersing an annealed zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), prepared at 900 °C as a carbon source, into an IrCl3 solution, followed by a calcination-reduction treatment at 400 °C under a H2/Ar atmosphere. The three-dimensional porous structure of the nitrogen-doped carbon framework exposes more active metal sites, and the combined effect of the Ir clusters and the N-doped carbon support efficiently changes the electronic structure of Ir, optimizing the HER process. In acidic media, Ir@NC has a remarkable HER electrocatalytic activity, with an overpotential of only 23 mV at 10 mA cm−2, an ultra-low Tafel slope (25.8 mV dec−1) and good stability for over 24 h at 10 mA cm−2. The high activity of the electrocatalyst with a simple and scalable synthesis method makes it a highly promising candidate for the industrial production of hydrogen by splitting acidic water.