Abstract: A new classification for porous carbons is proposed, which is based on the identification of the pore wall structure. Accordingly, nanoporous carbons can be divided into two categories: micrographitebased nanoporous carbon (MGPC) and graphenebased nanoporous carbon (GPC). With similar specific surface area, MGPC and GPC are possibly characterized by different physicochemical properties (e.g. electrochemical properties). Two novel GPCs are introduced in this paper: zeolitetemplated single graphenebased microporous carbon and SWCNTDNA hybrid. Also, how Raman spectroscopy becomes an important tool, for identifying MGPC and GPC, is briefly discussed.