Preparation of highly-expandable graphite using waste liquid propellants of nitric-27S as one of intercalating agents
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摘要: 以报废液体推进剂硝酸-27S、鳞片石墨、高锰酸钾、硫酸和冰醋酸为原料，采用化学氧化法制备高倍可膨胀石墨。考察了高锰酸钾、硝酸-27S(水吸收液)、冰醋酸用量等因素对可膨胀石墨膨胀容积的影响；通过正交实验确定最佳工艺；采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射（XRD）对可膨胀石墨进行表征。结果表明：最佳工艺为鳞片石墨（g）∶高锰酸钾（g）∶硝酸-27S(水吸收液)（mL）∶硫酸（mL）∶冰醋酸（mL）=1∶1∶1.25∶1.25∶2，于40℃下反应90min，所获可膨胀石墨的最大膨胀容积为320mL · g-1；对膨胀容积影响最大的因素为KMnO4用量；SEM和XRD证实了石墨层间化合物的存在。Abstract: Highly-expandable graphite was prepared by chemical oxidization using flake graphite as the host material and waste liquid propellants of nitric-27S, potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid and acetic acid as guest compounds. Various factors influencing the volume expansion were studied, such as the amounts of potassium permanganate, nitric-27S and acetic acid. Optimum preparation conditions were obtained using orthogonal experimental design. The preparation of graphite intercalation compounds was confirmed by SEM and XRD. Results showed that the most expandable graphite with a expansion volume of 320mL · g-1 was obtained at 40℃ for 90min using flake graphite, potassium permanganate, nitric-27S, sulfuric acid and acetic acid in the following respective amounts: 1g, 1g, 1.25mL, 1.25mL and 2mL. The amount of potassium permanganate is the most important factor affecting the expansion volume.
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Key words:
- Nitric-27S /
- Orthogonal test /
- Expandable graphite /
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Preparation
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