Preparation of corn starch-based monolithic porous carbons
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摘要: 以玉米淀粉为碳源，利用其凝胶化性质，综合采用常压冰冻、真空冷冻干燥和高温炭化技术成功制备出三维网状结构炭质整体材料。研究玉米淀粉凝胶化工艺，如玉米淀粉浓度和电解质乙酸镍浓度对淀粉海绵前驱体和三维网状炭质整体材料形貌和结构的影响。结果发现：经过凝胶化处理，玉米淀粉的结晶度降低，结晶区的特征衍射峰完全消失；淀粉海绵前驱体和三维网状结构炭质整体材料的形貌和结构与淀粉浓度和电解质乙酸镍浓度密切相关，三维网状结构淀粉海绵前驱体形成的适宜淀粉质量浓度为10%，掺乙酸镍淀粉海绵前驱体三维网状结构形成的适宜乙酸镍浓度为0.1mol/L；乙酸镍具有调变三维网状结构炭质整体材料宏观体积和孔结构的功能，可使三维网状结构炭质整体材料的宏观体积收缩近80%，贯通的大孔结构转变成封闭孔结构。
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关键词:
- 凝胶化 /
- 真空冷冻干燥 /
- 淀粉海绵 /
- 三维网状结构炭质整体材料
Abstract: Corn starch-based monolithic porous carbons were prepared by gelatinization of corn starch with or without nickel acetate as a structure modifier, followed by freeze drying and carbonization. The effect of gelatinization parameters such as the concentrations of the starch and addition of nickel acetate on the pore structures of the monoliths was investigated. It was found that the crystallinity of the gelled starch was lower than that of the pristine starch. The concentrations of the starch and nickel acetate simultaneously had an important influence on the pore structure of the gelled starch and the porous carbon monoliths produced. The gelled starch or Ni-doped gelled starch can be obtained using a 10 mass% starch concentration without or with the addition of 0.1 mol/L nickel acetate. The carbon monoliths derived from the Ni-doped or undoped gelled starch had a semi-closed or open pore structure. The semi-closed pores resulted from a severe volume contraction of nearly 80% with the addition of nickel acetate. -
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