Preparation and oil absorption performance of sponge-like activated carbon/organic composites
-
摘要: 针对活性炭粉末和活性炭块体在吸油除污过程中,易沉积到水中,不利于吸附漂浮在水面上的油膜,同时难以回收再利用的问题。首先对椰壳活性炭改性,以提高其吸油性能;再通过聚乙烯醇与甲醛聚合反应,并经发泡致孔,制备出可循环使用、具有三维网络孔结构的活性炭/有机复合材料。通过正交实验方案设计,考察水、活性炭、稀硫酸(9%)、甲醛溶液(40%)、可溶性淀粉的量及反应温度对所制多孔复合材料吸附油水混合体系效果的影响。相对于粉末活性炭和块体活性炭,所制柔性复合材料密度小(0.1977g/cm3),在使用过程中可以完全漂浮在水面上,有利于吸附漂浮的油膜,方便回收再利用。所制的多孔复合材料呈海绵状,具有丰富发达的多级孔结构,在最佳工艺条件下油吸附量达到活性炭的1.5倍左右。Abstract: Activated carbons in powder and monolithic form easily form sediments in water, leading to the failure to adsorb an oil film on the water surface. To solve these problems, coconut shell activated carbons were modified to increase their oil-absorption ability and a 3D sponge-like activated carbon/organic composite was then prepared through polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol with formalin in the presence of a foaming agent and the modified activated carbon. The effects of the amounts of water, activated carbon, dilute sulfuric acid (9%) and formaldehyde solution (40%), and reaction temperature on the oil adsorption performance of the composites were investigated. The composites had a hierarchical porous structure and floated on the water surface due to their low density (about 0.197 7 g/cm3). A composite prepared under optimal conditions can adsorb approximately 1.5 times as much oil as the original activated carbon. Its robust and flexible properties make it suitable for recycling during use.
-
Key words:
- Activated carbon /
- Modification /
- Composite /
- Oil absorption
-
ZHOU Li-xin, PU Wen-hong, Yang Fan, et al. Study on sea oil spill recovery technology[J]. Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields, 2005, 15(1):46-50. 王传远,贺世杰,李延太,等.中国海洋溢油污染现状及其生态影响研究[J]. 海洋科学, 2009, 33(6):57-60.(WANG Chuan-yuan, HE Shi-jie, LI Yan-tai, et al. Study on the state and ecological effect of spilled oil pollution in Chinese Coastal Waters[J]. Marine Sciences, 2009, 33(6):57-60.) BAI Lu, LIANG Shao-ting, ZHANG Chun-wei, et al. Study on the preparation experiment of new biodegradable oil absorbent materials[J]. Science & Technology Information, 2011,(33):57-58. ZHANG Shui-ming. Research progress on adsorption material for treating oil pollution of water[J]. Heilongjiang science and technology information, 2012,(25):80. Foo K Y, Hameed B H. Utilization of oil palm biodiesel solid residue as renewable sources for preparation of granular activated carbon by microwave induced KOH activation[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 130:696-702. 姜春明,张宏哲,张海峰,等.功能性多孔炭材料在突发性环境污染事故中的应用[J]. 新型炭材料, 2007, 04:295-301.(JIANG Chun-ming, ZHANG Hong-zhe, ZHANG Hai-feng, et al. The application of functional porous carbon materials in the sudden environmental pollution accident[J]. New Carbon Materials, 2007, 04:295-301.) LV Hong-de, LI Xiao-min. Microbe regeneration of active carbon and application for wastewater treatment[J]. Power System Engineering, 2006, 22(1):57-58. Fulazzaky M A, Omar R. Removal of oil and grease contamination from stream water using the granular activated carbon block filter[J]. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2012, 145:965-971. Yanagisawa H, Matsumoto Y, Machida M. Adsorption of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions onto magnesium and activated carbon composite in aqueous solution[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2010, 256(6):1619-1623. 杜嬛,王成扬,时志强,等.表面含氧官能团对活性炭电化学性能的影响[J]. 天津大学学报, 2006, 39(12):1479-1484.(DU Xuan, WANG Cheng-yang, SHI Zhi-qiang, et al. Effects of oxygen functional groups on the electrochemical performance of activated carbon[J]. Journal of Tianjin University, 2006, 39(12):1479-1484.) GUO Rui, YANG Ji, PENG Juan, et al. Preparation and characterization of a surface ehydrophobic activated carbon[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2007, 11:1-3. 陈永,周柳江,洪玉珍,等.椰壳纤维基高比表面积中孔活性炭的制备[J]. 新型炭材料, 2010, 25(2):151-155.(CHEN Yong, ZHOU Liu-jiang, HONG Yu-zhen, et al. Preparation of activated carbon from coconut shell fiber with high specific surface area[J]. New Carbon Materials, 2010, 2:151-155.) LI Guo-chao, ZHONG Chan-juan, LI Xian-zhi, et al. Experimental study on treatment effect of dyeing wastewater by cellular composite of polyvinylalcohol/activated carbon[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 09:5181-5182. 戴捷,龚爱萍.聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖/活性碳多孔材料的制备及性能研究[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 1:150-153.(DAI Jie, GONG Ai-ping. Study on the preparation and properties of PVA/chitosan activated carbon/porous material[J]. Journal of Yangtze University( Nat Sci Edit), 2009, 1:150-153.) XIONG Kai-lang, HUANG Zu-qiang, HU Hua-yu, et al. Study on mechanical activation starch/PVA polyvinylformal prepared by blending activation starch/ PVA[J]. Cereals and Oils Processing, 2009, 3:98-101. ZHUO Zheng-min, CHEN Wei. Application research on material of PVA resin[J]. New Technology & New Process, 2013(2):107-109. 姜玉,魏风军.聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料的研究进展[J]. 中国塑料, 2011, 25(04):12-16.(JIANG Yu, WEI Feng-jun. Research progress in poly(vinyl formal) cellular plastics[J]. China Plastics, 2011, 25(04):12-16.) GUO Li-qiang. Preparation of alcohol-based polyvinyl mixed aldehyde(crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde[J]. Technology & Development of Chemical Industry, 2012,12:8-10. LI Jin-hua. Orthogonal design optimization using polyvinyl alcohol dissolved optimum conditions[J]. Magnificent Writing, 2012, 35:344-345. Okiel K, El-Sayed M, Mohamed Y, et al. Treatment of oil-water emulsions by adsorption onto activated carbon, bentonite and deposited carbon[J]. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 2011, 202:9-15. 丘可昂.多孔体的渗透性的特征和平均孔径的测量[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 1990, 02:51-55.(QIU Ke-ang. Permeability characteristics of the porous body and the average pore size measurement[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 1990, 02:51-55.) Foo K Y, Hameed B H. Microwave-assisted regeneration of activated carbon[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 119:234-240. 张乐忠,胡家朋,赵升云,等.活性炭改性研究新进展[J]. 材料导报, 2009, S1:435-438.(ZHANG Le-zhong, HU Jia-peng, ZHAO Sheng-yun, et al. Recent advances of research on modified activated carbon[J]. Materials Review, 2009, S1:435-438.) CHONG Shao-kun, Cao Bo-kai, Guo Yu-qiang, et al. Surface modification of coconut shell activated carbon and influence on oil adsorption[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2013, 8(1):23-27.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 716
- HTML全文浏览量: 121
- PDF下载量: 834
- 被引次数: 0