粉末状炭气凝胶的结构调控及其在高电压水系超级电容器中的应用

蔡力锋; 许静; 黄剑瑜; 许鸿基; 徐飞; 梁业如; 符若文; 吴丁财

粉末状炭气凝胶的结构调控及其在高电压水系超级电容器中的应用

1.
莆田学院环境与生物工程学院, 福建省新型污染物生态毒理效应与控制重点实验室, 福建莆田 351100;
2.
中山大学化学学院, 材料科学研究所, 聚合物复合材料及功能材料教育部重点实验室, 广东广州 510275;
3.
华南农业大学材料与能源学院, 广东广州 510642

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51372280，51422307，U1601206）；广东省自然科学杰出青年基金项目（S2013050014408）；广东特支计划科技创新青年拔尖人才（2014TQ01C337）；广州市珠江科技新星计划项目（2013J2200015）；国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2014CB932402）；聚合物复合材料及功能材料教育部重点实验室开放课题（PCFM-2015-01）；福建省教育厅科技项目（JK2014043）.

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡力锋,副教授.E-mail:cailifeng2013@163.com;许静,硕士.E-mail:562338193@qq.com

通讯作者:
吴丁财,教授.E-mail:wudc@mail.sysu.edu.cn;梁业如,教授.E-mail:liangyr@scau.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ127.1;TM911
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-10-30
- 录用日期: 2017-12-28
- 修回日期: 2017-12-08
- 刊出日期: 2017-12-28

Structure control of powdery carbon aerogels and their use in high-voltage aqueous supercapacitors

1.
College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China;
2.
Materials Science Institute, PCFM Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
3.
College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51372280,51422307,U1601206);Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (S2013050014408);Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program (2014TQ01C337);Program for Pearl River New Star of Science and Technology in Guangzhou (2013J2200015);National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB932402);Open project of Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education (PCFM-2015-01);Science and Technology Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province (JK2014043).

摘要

摘要: 在成功合成粉末状炭气凝胶（PCA）的基础上，详细研究了PCA构筑单元（高分子纳米球）粒径、羰基交联时间和羰基交联温度等制备条件与PCA纳米结构的关联性，并探索了PCA在高电压水系超级电容器中的应用。实验结果表明，高分子纳米球粒径、羰基交联时间和羰基交联温度对PCA的纳米结构具有显著的影响，所得PCA均具有优良的三维纳米网络结构，其网络单元可在25~100 nm之间进行剪裁，BET比表面积可在392~767 m²g^-1范围内进行调控。由于具有丰富的孔隙率和合理的三维网络层次孔结构，这类PCA材料在1.8 V Na₂SO₄水系超级电容器中显示出高的比电容量、电容保持率以及高效的电化学活性表面，能量密度显著优于其1.0 V KOH水系超级电容器。
- 粉末状炭气凝胶 /
- 层次孔 /
- 结构调控 /
- 高电压 /
- 水系超级电容器
Abstract: Powdery carbon aerogels (PCAs) for use as electrode materials in high-voltage aqueous supercapacitors were prepared from nanospheres of 1,2-divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer after carbonyl crosslinking. The effect of the size and carbonyl crosslinking conditions of the nanospheres on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the PCAs were investigated. Results indicated that the size of the nanospheres, the crosslinking temperature and time played important roles in tailoring the nanostructures and electrochemical performance of the PCAs. All the PCAs had a well-defined 3D network and a hierarchical pore structure with a high porosity. The network units were between 25 and 100 nm in size, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas were from 392 to 767 m²g^-1. The PCA with a BET surface area of 657 m²g^-1 had a high electrochemical active surface area, a large capacitance and high capacitance retention rates at high current densities when used as electrodes in a 1.8 V aqueous supercapacitor using a Na₂SO₄ aqueous electrolyte. The use of a high-voltage aqueous electrolyte significantly increased the energy density of the supercapacitors.
- Powdery carbon aerogel /
- Hierarchical porous structure /
- Structure control /
- High voltage /
- Aqueous supercapacitor

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