Synthesis and electrochemical performance of flexible cellulose nanofiber-carbon nanotube/natural rubber composite elastomers as supercapacitor electrodes
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摘要: 利用纤维素纳米纤丝（Cellulose nanofibers，CNFs）搭载碳纳米管（Carbon nanotubes，CNTs）均匀分散在天然橡胶（Natural rubber，NR）基体中，制备了具有高强度和高柔韧性的复合导电弹性体（CNF-CNT/NR）。通过对其化学结构、微观结构、力学性能和电学性能等研究发现，CNFs能有效协助CNTs在NR基体中均匀分散，使得弹性体的力学性能和电学性能显著提高。当CNFs和CNTs含量分别为3和10 phr时，CNF-CNT/NR的强度和弹性模量可达6.44±0.32 MPa和8.77±0.48 MPa，约为纯NR的6.9和9.96倍，CNT/NR的1.49和1.59倍；其电导率可达1.78±0.86 S/m，在电流密度为0.3 A/g时比电容可达107 F/g；1.0 A/g的电流密度下循环充放电1 200次，其比电容仍为初始值的83%。该柔性导电弹性体具有优良的机械性能和电学性能，有望应用于柔性电子器件领域。Abstract: High strength, flexible and conductive composite elastomers for use as supercapacitor electrodes were synthesized using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the fillers, and natural rubber (NR) as the elastomer. An aqueous suspension of CNFs and CNTs was added to a natural rubber aqueous emulsion containing sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator, and the mixture was homogenized at a high-pressure, coprecipitated with a 1 M H2SO4 solution and vulcanized to obtain the composite elastomer. The microstructure, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of the CNF-CNT/NR elastomers were investigated. Results showed that CNFs significantly improved the dispersion of CNTs in the aqueous suspension, leading to homogenous composite elastomers. The tensile strength and elastic modulus were significantly improved by adding CNFs. When the contents of CNFs and CNTs were 3 and 10 parts per 100 NR by weight, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite reached maximum values of 6.44±0.32 and 8.77±0.48 MPa, respectively, and it was highly stretchable and flexible with a stable electrical conductivity of 1.78±0.86 S/m after stretching, bending and folding. It had a specific capacitance of 107 F/g at a current density of 0.3 A/g and retained 83% of the initial value at 1.0 A/g after cycling for 1200 times. This novel flexible, stretchable and conductive soft elastomer is useful in flexible electronic devices.
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Key words:
- Cellulose Nanofibrils /
- Natural Rubber /
- Carbon Nanotubes /
- Flexible Conductive Elastomer
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