碳基材料在电催化析氢反应中的应用

张泽霞; 吕瑞涛; 黄正宏; 康飞宇

碳基材料在电催化析氢反应中的应用

1.
清华大学材料学院先进材料教育部重点实验室, 北京 100084;
2.
新疆师范大学物理与电子工程学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830054;
3.
清华大学深圳研究生院, 广东深圳 518055

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51722207，11364043）；国家重点基础研究发展计划项目（2015CB932500）.

详细信息

作者简介:
张泽霞,博士研究生,讲师.E-mail:zx-zhang11@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吕瑞涛,博士,助理教授.E-mail:lvruitao@tsinghua.edu.cn;康飞宇,教授.E-mail:fykang@tsinghua.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ127.1⁺1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-02
- 录用日期: 2019-04-30
- 修回日期: 2019-04-02
- 刊出日期: 2019-04-28

Carbon materials for use in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

1.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials(MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2.
School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China;
3.
Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51722207,11364043); National Key Basic Research and Development Project (2015CB932500).

摘要

摘要: 氢作为一种高燃烧热值的清洁能源载体，对于解决当前日益严峻的能源短缺和环境污染问题具有重要意义。与传统的化石燃料（如天然气、煤）重整制氢相比，电催化分解水作为一种清洁可再生的制氢工艺具有重要的应用前景。但目前常用的电解水析氢反应（HER）催化剂多为贵金属基（如Pt）材料，储量稀少且成本高昂，因此开发低成本、高活性的非贵金属HER催化剂是当前该领域研究面临的重要挑战。本文综述了近年来碳基材料用于HER催化研究的相关进展。根据碳基材料在HER催化剂中扮演的功能将其分为两大类：活性相和复合相。作为活性相时，通过异质原子掺杂等方式激活其本征活性，直接应用于催化析氢反应；作为复合相时，其作用有导电基底、高分散载体、耐腐蚀防护层等，通过协同增强效应，提高复合催化剂的整体活性，目前个别非贵金属催化剂的活性几乎可以与Pt基催化剂相媲美。本文总结了这些新型碳基HER催化剂的研究进展及其性能调控策略，并对未来开发低成本、高效率的HER催化剂的探索方向进行了展望。
- 碳基材料 /
- 析氢反应 /
- 电催化剂 /
- 电解水制氢 /
- 纳米结构 /
- 催化活性
Abstract: As an important clean energy carrier with a high combustion heat value, hydrogen is of great importance for addressing the challenges caused by an increasingly severe energy shortage and environmental pollution. Compared with traditional hydrogen production from fossil fuel (e.g. natural gas, coal) by steam reforming, the electrocatalytic production of hydrogen by water splitting is a renewable and eco-friendly technique. Currently, the widely used catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a noble metal (e.g. Pt), which has very limited availability and a high cost. Therefore, it is crucial to develop low-cost and highly effective alternative HER electrocatalysts. In this review, we summarize the use of carbon materials for noble metal-free HER catalysts, in which they play roles including as an active catalyst and a matrix component. By heteroatom doping, the intrinsic activities of carbon materials are optimized and improved, and carbon-based metal-free catalysts are produced. As a matrix, the main roles of the carbon materials are as conductive substrates, highly-dispersed support materials and corrosion resistant layers. The catalytic activity of carbon-based catalysts is improved by a synergistic effect between a co-catalyst and the carbon skeleton. The HER performance of some reported carbon-based catalysts are even close to that of Pt. We summarize the strategies for tailoring the HER performance of carbon-based electrocatalysts and the prospects for future research on developing highly efficient and low-cost catalysts are discussed.
- Carbon materials /
- Hydrogen evolution reaction /
- Electrocatalysts /
- Water electrolysis /
- Nanostructures /
- Catalytic activity

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