Preparation and characterization of spinnable mesophase pitches: A review
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摘要: 中间相沥青炭纤维在模量和导热方面具有优于其它炭纤维的性能，但人们对中间相沥青的认识还不尽完善。本文从纺丝沥青的制备方法和沥青的表征两个方面进行了分析并归纳总结。通常以石油重质油或煤沥青为原料，经多重工艺手段的实施，可以制得合适的纺丝中间相沥青。虽然纺丝中间相沥青的表征有很大进步，但相关参数为生产所能提供的技术信息还是有一定的模糊性。新的表征手段的普及和出现，使研究者对中间相沥青及其炭纤维的认识不断提高。鉴于中国与日美的巨大差距，相关研究应进一步加强。Abstract: Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers have a higher modulus and thermal conductivity than other carbon fibers. A good spinnable mesophase pitch is key to prepare high performance carbon fibers. In this paper, the preparation and characterization of mesophase pitches are reviewed. Spinnable mesophase pitches have been prepared from petroleum pitch or coal tar pitch by heat and catalytic polycondensation. Sometimes, hydrogenation, catalytic polymerization and co-carbonization were used to modify the chemical structure of the pitch before polycondensation. Traditional characterization of mesophase pitch include the softening point, rheology properties, optical anisotropy, average molecule weight and chemical structure. With the rapid progress of characterization techniques, other characterization of the microstructure is possible, such as high resolution MALDI ToF MS which gives the elemental formula of thousands of molecular constituents, which helps improve our understanding of the molecular structure of spinnable mesophase pitches.
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Key words:
- Preparation /
- Spinning mesophase pitch /
- Characterization
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