Preparation of a porous carbon from Enteromorpha prolifera with excellent electrochemical properties
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摘要: 基于浒苔中海藻酸钙的“蛋盒”结构,对浒苔炭化产物进行盐酸酸洗处理,去除海藻酸钙中的钙离子,形成“蛋盒”式初始孔结构。以酸洗处理后的炭化产物为前驱体,采用KOH活化法制备浒苔基分级多孔活性炭,并研究活性炭的孔结构特性及电化学性能。研究表明:浒苔基活性炭具有分级多孔结构,其比表面积(SBET)高达3 283 m2 g−1,其中介孔提供了66%以上的比表面积。当用作超级电容器电极材料时,即使在较高的电流密度下,浒苔基活性炭也表现出优异的电化学性能。当电流密度为0.1 A g−1时,浒苔基活性炭的比电容为361 F g−1,当电流密度增大至10 A g−1时,活性炭的比电容仍然高达323 F g−1,表现出优异的高倍率性能。Abstract: Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was carbonized, treated by HCl pickling to remove Ca2+ ions to form an "egg-box" structure, and activated by KOH to obtain a porous carbon (PC). The porous texture and electrochemical performance of the PC were compared with one produced without the HCl pickling stage. Results indicate that the HCl treatment leads to the formation of a porous structure with a high specific surface area (SBET), up to 3 283 m2 g−1, with more than 66% of the surface area contributed by mesopores, while the carbon prepared without HCl treatment is microporous. The PC with the HCl treatment had an excellent electrochemical performance when used as the electrode material of a supercapacitor even at high current densities. Its gravimetric capacitance reached 361 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1, and the capacitance remained at 323 F g−1 at a current density of 10 A g−1, both of which are higher than obtained using the PC without HCl treatment.
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Key words:
- “Egg-box” structure /
- Hierarchical porous carbon /
- Mesopores /
- Electrochemical property
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Table 1. Ultimate analysis and proximate analysis of the EP.
Ultimate analyses (ad) Proximate analyses (ad) Sample C H O N S Ca Mg M A FC V EP 38.6 4.9 33.5 1.9 0.6 3.2 1.3 4.9 16.3 15.0 63.8 Note: M is the moisture, A is the ash, FC is the fixed carbon, V is the volatile. Table 2. Characteristics of pores in AC and EAC.
Sample SBET
(m2 g−1)SMic
(m2 g−1)SMes
(m2 g−1)SMes/SMic VTot
(cm3 g−1)VMic
(cm3 g−1)DMic
(nm)DMes
(nm)EAC 3283 1105 2178 1.97 3.86 1.53 0.75 4.62 AC 2175 1859 316 0.17 2.13 1.25 0.62 3.10 Note: SMic represents micropore specific surface area, SMes represents mesopore specific surface area, VTot represents total pore volume, VMic represents micropore volume, DMic represents micropore average pore diameter, DMes represents mesopore average pore diameter. Table 3. Gravimetric capacitance of AC and EAC at different current densities.
Sample Capacitance (F g−1) 0.1
(A g−1)0.2
(A g−1)0.5
(A g−1)1
(A g−1)2
(A g−1)5
(A g−1)10
(A g−1)AC 253 233 220 213 208 205 202 EAC 361 350 338 330 327 325 323 -
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