Hydrophilic carbon monoliths derived from metal-organic frameworks@resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for atmospheric water harvesting
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摘要: 针对全球水资源短缺的问题,空气水捕集被认为是潜在的解决方案。吸附法空气水捕集技术具有装置结构简单、能量效率高、适用范围广等优点,受到广泛关注,其关键在于高性能多孔吸附剂的开发。多孔炭材料具有孔结构丰富、制备成本低等优点。但是常见炭材料的表面疏水,对于低浓度水汽吸附效果不显著。基于此,本文采用局部亲水强化的策略,通过在酚醛树脂交联骨架中穿插引入可衍生为极性位点的金属有机框架炭前驱体,制备了具有强亲水性的整体式多孔炭。进一步将其应用于“三明治”式空气水捕集装置,在40%~80%相对湿度环境中,吸附剂的水汽捕集质量分数可达约20%。这一调控策略也为制备整体式亲水炭材料应用于其他领域提供了新思路。Abstract: Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is considered a promising technique to address the problem of global water shortage. Adsorption-based AWH technology, has the advantages of a simple device structure, high energy efficiency, wide application range, etc., and has attracted much attention. For the adsorption, one of the key issues is to find high-performance porous adsorbents. Porous carbons have exceptional stability, high porosity and low cost, but are usually highly hydrophobic with a low affinity for polar water molecules. A class of monolithic porous carbons with good hydrophilicity was prepared by the pyrolysis of composites consisting of a metal-organic framework in a resorcinol-formaldehyde resin matrix, in which the metal-organic parts developed polar sites in the final products. AWH tests showed that in a relative humidity of 40%-80%, the water capture capacity of the adsorbents reached 20%.
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图 2 (a) 炭前驱体和 (b) 炭材料酸洗前后的XRD谱图, (c) N2和 (d) CO2吸脱附等温线(嵌图为对应的孔径分布图), (e) CuBR4的SEM照片,(f) 水蒸汽吸脱附等温线, (g) CuBR1-700与CuBR1-700-AW随时间沉降效果对比图
Figure 2. (a) XRD patterns of precursors and (b) carbon materials before and after pickling, (c) Nitrogen and (d) Carbon dioxide adsorption/desorption isotherms (Inset: the corresponding pore size distribution of samples), (e) SEM image of sample CuBR4, (f) Water vapor adsorption/desorption isotherms, (g) Settlement comparison of samples CuBR1-700 and CuBR1-700-AW.
图 5 太阳光照下空气水捕集: (a) 装置结构示意图, (b) 装置实物图,(c) 实验过程中吸附剂层红外图像, (d) 冷凝器处收集的水,(e) 实验中装置不同区域温度变化
Figure 5. AWH under sunlight irradiation: (a) Scheme for the structure of AWH apparatus, (b) Digital photo of AWH apparatus, (c) Infrared photo of adsorbent, (d) Collected water on the condenser, (e) Temperature change of parts of AWH apparatus.
表 1 代表性样品的孔结构参数
Table 1. Textural parameters for typical samples.
Sample ID SBET a/m2·g−1 Vtol b/cm3·g−1 Smic c/m2·g−1 Vmic d/cm3·g−1 CuBR1-700 826 1.40 653 0.262 CuBR1-500-AW 612 0.63 463 0.195 CuBR1-700-AW 705 1.24 529 0.215 CuBR1-900-AW 946 1.00 749 0.300 CuBR2-700-AW 755 1.20 548 0.221 CuBR4-700-AW 683 0.96 562 0.227 Note: a SBET: Apparent surface area was calculated by multipoint BET method at the relative pressure range of 0.05–0.30; b Vtol: The total pore volume was estimated from the adsorbed amount at a relative pressure p/p0 of 0.98; c Smic: Micropore surface area was calculated by t-Plot method; d Vmic: The micropore volume was calculated using the t-plot method. -
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