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生物质炭材料在金属锂负极中的应用

刘奥 刘铁峰 袁华栋 王垚 刘育京 罗剑敏 佴建威 陶新永

刘奥, 刘铁峰, 袁华栋, 王垚, 刘育京, 罗剑敏, 佴建威, 陶新永. 生物质炭材料在金属锂负极中的应用. 新型炭材料(中英文), 2022, 37(4): 658-674. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60620-6
引用本文: 刘奥, 刘铁峰, 袁华栋, 王垚, 刘育京, 罗剑敏, 佴建威, 陶新永. 生物质炭材料在金属锂负极中的应用. 新型炭材料(中英文), 2022, 37(4): 658-674. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60620-6
LIU Ao, LIU Tie-feng, YUAN Hua-dong, WANG Yao, LIU Yu-jing, LUO Jian-min, NAI Jian-wei, TAO Xin-yong. A review of biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium metal anodes. New Carbon Mater., 2022, 37(4): 658-674. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60620-6
Citation: LIU Ao, LIU Tie-feng, YUAN Hua-dong, WANG Yao, LIU Yu-jing, LUO Jian-min, NAI Jian-wei, TAO Xin-yong. A review of biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium metal anodes. New Carbon Mater., 2022, 37(4): 658-674. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60620-6

生物质炭材料在金属锂负极中的应用

doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60620-6
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(U21A20174,51722210和51972285),浙江省科学基金(LY17E0202010,LD18E020003,LQ20E030012),及浙江省领先创新团队引进项目(2020R011002).
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘奥:刘 奥,工学硕士. E-mail:1633827493@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    袁华栋,博士后. E-mail:hdyuan@zjut.edu.cn

    陶新永,教授. E-mail:tao@zjut.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TQ127.1+1

A review of biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium metal anodes

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20174, 51722210 and 51972285), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LY17E0202010, LD18E020003 and LQ20E030012), Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang (2020R01002).
More Information
  • 摘要: 金属锂具有超高理论容量和最低还原电位,被认为是高能量密度电池负极材料的“圣杯”。然而,由于金属锂无宿主、锂枝晶不可控生长、固态电解质界面膜(SEI膜)不稳定以及“死锂”累积等一系列问题,严重制约着金属锂负极的实用化进程。生物质炭材料具有高机械强度、高导电性、高比表面积和良好的化学稳定性等特性,是金属锂宿主材料的理想候选者之一。本文综述了近年来利用生物质炭材料构建金属锂沉积骨架的研究进展。通过讨论生物质炭材料的结构、孔隙大小、孔隙率及亲锂基团修饰等对抑制金属锂枝晶生长,构筑循环稳定金属锂负极的影响,总结生物质炭材料的合理设计和应用,提出了生物质炭材料未来发展的趋势以及所面临的挑战。
  • FIG. 1651.  FIG. 1651.

    FIG. 1651..  FIG. 1651.

    图  1  生物质炭材料应用在金属锂负极的优势

    Figure  1.  The advantages of biomass-derived carbon materials for Li metal anodes

    图  2  (a)原始BC膜的数字图像[72];(b)炭化BC膜的数字图像[72];(c)样品BC-1500的TEM图像[72];(d)棉花的SEM图[73];(e)1∶0.5棉碱质量比下活化后样品的SEM图[73];(f)蒲公英的SEM图[79];(g)柳絮的SEM图[80];(h)棉花的SEM图[74];(i)木棉的SEM图[75]

    Figure  2.  (a) The digital image of a pristine BC film[72]; (b) The digital image of a soft carbonized BC film[72]; (c) TEM image of BC-1500[72]; (d) SEM image of original morphology before activation[73]; (e) SEM image of sample morphology after activation under the cotton-alkali mass ratios of 1∶0.5[73]; (f) SEM image of dandelion[79]; (g) SEM image of the morphology of catkin[80]; (h) SEM image of cotton[74]; (i) SEM image of kapok[75]. Reprinted with permission.

    图  3  (a)HPTCF制备示意图[83];(b)HPTCF的SEM图像[83];(c)原始3D-HCF的横截面的SEM图像[75];(d)电镀1 mAh/cm2金属锂横截面的SEM图像;标尺为50 mm[75];(e)用KOH/尿素溶液浸渍样品的SEM图像[74];(f)KOH/尿素溶液浸渍样品在600 ℃炭化后的SEM图[74];(g)KOH/尿素溶液浸渍样品在800 ℃炭化后的SEM照片[74];(h)以LiFePO4为正极,HCFs@Li (Cu@Li或Li箔)为负极的全电池循环性能[75]

    Figure  3.  (a) The schematic diagram of HPTCF preparation[83]; (b) SEM image of HPTCF;[83] (c) SEM image of the pristine 3D-HCFs[75]; (d) SEM image after plating Li into the 3D-HCFs at 1 mAh / cm2; Scale bars, 50 mm[75]; (e) SEM image of samples impregnated with KOH/urea solution[74]; (f) SEM image of samples impregnated with KOH/urea solution carbonized at 600 °C[74]; (g) SEM image of samples impregnated with KOH/urea solution carbonized at 800 °C[74]; (h) Cycling performance of the full cells with LiFePO4 as the cathode and 3D-HCFs@Li (Cu@Li, or Li foil) as the anode at 0.2 C[75]. Reprinted with permission.

    图  4  (a)淀粉制生物质炭的SEM图[88];(b)黄麻制生物质炭的SEM图[88];(c)麦桔制生物质炭的SEM图[90];(d)大麻纤维素制生物质炭的SEM图[92];(e)SNC的SEM图[5];(f)CoNC材料的SEM图[89];(g)CoNC材料的HRTEM图[89];(h)CoNC材料N 1s的XPS光谱图[89];(i)SNC的STEM图[5];(j)SNC的元素分析图[5];(k)SNC的TEM图像(插图显示SAED模式)[5];(l)麦桔制生物质炭的TEM照片[90]

    Figure  4.  (a) SEM image of starch-based biomass carbon[88]; (b) SEM image of jute-based biomass carbon[88]; (c) SEM image of wheat straw-based biomass carbon[90]; (d) SEM image of hemp cellulose-based biomass carbon[92]; (e) SEM image of SNC[5]; (f) SEM image of CoNC[89]; (g) HRTEM image of CoNC[89]; (h) XPS spectrum of N 1s of CoNC[89]; (i) SEM image of SNC[5]; (g) elemental map of SNC[5]; (k) TEM image of SNC (inset shows SAED mode)[5]; (l) TEM image of wheat straw-based biomass carbon[90]. Reprinted with permission.

    图  5  (a)茄子及其横截面形貌的数字图像[113];(b)具有互连通道状结构的EP示意图[113];(c)熔融锂金属复合EP的示意图[113];(d)EP–Li金属锂复合负极涂覆LiF薄膜的示意图[113];(e)Li/C-wood复合锂金属负极制备示意图[112];(f)C-wood、ZnO修饰C-Wood和Li/C-wood(尺寸为5 mm×7 mm)负极的数字图像,显示锂金属成功注入C-wood孔道中[112];(g)银纳米颗粒修饰木材衍生炭材料(Ag@WDC)的结构示意图和SEM图[111]

    Figure  5.  (a) The Photograph of eggplant and its cross-sectional morphology[113]; (b) The schematic diagram of EP with interconnected channel-like structure[113]; (c) The schematic diagram of EP after Li metal droplet[113]; (d) The schematic diagram carbide of EP–Li metal composite anode, and a layer of LiF film was further coated[113]; (e) The schematic diagram of material design and subsequent synthesis, from C-wood (left), to ZnO-coated C-wood (middle), and finally to Li/C-wood composite (right) [112]; (f) The digital images of C-wood, ZnO-coated wood and Li/C-wood (dimensions of 5 mm × 7 mm), showing successful infusion of Li metal into C-wood[112]; (g) The schematic diagram and SEM of the composite of dendrite-free lithium anode with silver wood-derived carbon (Ag@WDC)[111]. Reprinted with permission.

    图  6  (a)MgO@WC/Li复合锂金属负极合成示意图[114];(b)木材、WC、MgO@WC和MgO@WC/Li复合材料相应的SEM图[114];(c)ZnO@HPC合成示意图[100];(d)稻壳制炭材料合成示意图[101]

    Figure  6.  (a) A schematic of the material design and the subsequent synthesis from natural wood, to WC, MgO@WC, and, finally, to MgO@WC/Li composite within 20 mAh/cm2 Li[114]; (b) The corresponding SEM images of wood, WC, MgO@WC and MgO@WC/Li composite[114]; (c) The schematic diagram of the synthesis of ZnO@HPC scaffolds[100]; (d) The schematic diagram of carbon materials from rice husk[101]. Reprinted with permission.

    表  1  活化剂和炭化温度对生物质炭材料比表面积和孔结构的影响

    Table  1.   The effects of activator and carbonization temperature on specific surface area and pore structure of biomass-derived carbon materials

    Raw materialActive agentCarbonization temperatureMass ratio of cotton and active agentSpecific surface area(m2/g)Pore volume(m3/g)Reference
    CottonKOH7001:0.5354.20.139[73]
    CottonKOH7001:1715.50.280[73]
    CottonKOH7001:2401.3/[73]
    CottonKOH7001:023.1/[73]
    Cotton/600/3140.188[74]
    Cotton/800/4010.268[74]
    CottonKOH600/12810.477[74]
    CottonKOH800/14360.697[74]
    CottonUrea600/3870.194[74]
    CottonUrea800/4520.219[74]
    CottonKOH
    /Urea
    600/10870.514[74]
    CottonKOH
    /Urea
    800/10770.532[74]
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同生物质炭材料结构、比表面积以及作为金属锂沉积骨架的电化学性能差异

    Table  2.   Comparison of structure, surface area and electrochemical performance of different biomass-derived carbon materials as host for Li metal.

    Synthetic schemesRaw materialsProductionStructureSpecific surface area(m2/g)PerformanceReference
    Freeze-drying and Pyrolysis carbonizationBacterial cellulose3D Li-BC1D/600 h at
    1 mA/cm2
    [72]
    Pyrolysis carbonization and ActivationCottonZnO@HPC@Li1D715.5500 h at 0.5 mA/cm2[73]
    Pyrolysis carbonizationCotton3D-HCFs@Li1D14361200 h at 1 mA/cm2[75]
    Pyrolysis carbonizationCotton fabricHPTCF@Li1D631300 h at 1 mA/cm2[83]
    Pyrolysis carbonization and TemplateStarchCoNC@Li2D719.7400 cycles at 2 mA/cm2[89]
    Pyrolysis carbonizationGelatin and ChitosanSNC@Li2D15761500 h at 1 mA/cm2[5]
    Pyrolysis carbonizationWoodLi/C-wood3D/560 h at 1 mA/cm2[112]
    Freeze-drying and Pyrolysis carbonizationEgg plantEP–LiF3D1174.2500 h at 1 mA/cm2[113]
    Pyrolysis carbonizationWoodAg-WDC3D/450 h at 1 mA/cm2[111]
    Pyrolysis carbonization and ActivationBamboo fiberZnO@HPC3D958200 cycles at 2.0 mA/cm2[100]
    Pyrolysis carbonizationRice huskRC@Li3D/240 cycles at 1 mA/cm2[101]
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-04-12
  • 修回日期:  2022-06-07
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-06-13
  • 刊出日期:  2022-07-20

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