Controllable fabrication of superhierarchical carbon nanonetworks from 2D molecular brushes and their use in electrodes of flexible supercapacitors
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摘要: 三维碳纳米网络(3D CNNs)具有连通的导电骨架和多孔结构,可以提供多级传输通道,因此在许多领域有广阔的应用前景。然而,网络单元的物理堆叠难以形成长程导电通路,且引入微孔和小尺寸中孔的造孔过程通常比较复杂和昂贵。在本研究中,以聚丙烯醛接枝的氧化石墨烯分子刷为构筑单元、四(4-氨基苯基)甲烷为交联剂,通过席夫碱凝胶化,制备了分子刷纳米网络(MBNN);随后通过炭化处理获得超结构碳纳米网络(SHCNN)。由于MBNN良好的成炭性和纳米结构继承性,SHCNN具有氮掺杂微-中-大孔结构、高比表面积和高导电性杂化碳骨架,因此拥有丰富的活性位点并展示了良好的传质/传荷能力。作为柔性超级电容器电极,SHCNN在1 A g−1的电流密度下,比电容为180 F g−1,在8 A g−1下经10000次循环后的电容保持率高达91.4%。Abstract: Three-dimensional carbon nanonetworks (3D CNNs) have interconnected conductive skeletons and accessible pore structures, which provide multi-level transport channels and thus have promising applications in many areas. However, the physical stacking of these network units to form long-range conductive paths is hard to accomplish, and the introduction of micropores and small mesopores is usually difficult. We report a simple yet efficient strategy to construct CNNs with a nitrogen-doped micro-meso-macroporous carbon nanonetwork using Schiff-base gelation followed by carbonization. Using a polyacrolein-grafted graphene oxide molecular brush as the building block and tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane as the crosslinking agent, the obtained molecular brush nanonetworks have a high carbon yield and largely retain the original morphology, leading to the formation of a 3D continuous nanonetwork after carbonization. The materials have a micro-meso-macroporous structure with a high surface area and a highly conductive N-doped carbon backbone. This unique structure has a large number of exposed active sites and excellent charge/mass transfer ability. When loaded on carbon cloth and used as the electrodes of a flexible supercapacitor, the CNN has a specific capacitance of 180 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high capacitance retention of 91.4% after 10 000 cycles at 8 A g−1 .
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Figure 4. Electrochemical performance of SHCNN/CC. (a) CV curves at different scan rates. (b) GCD curves at different current densities. (c) Nyquist plot and enlarged view in the high-frequency region (inset). (d) Cycling performanceat a current density of 8 A g−1 and the GCD curve of last five cycles (inset).
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