The in situ formation of ZnS nanodots embedded in honeycomb-like N-S co-doped carbon nanosheets derived from waste biomass for use in lithium-ion batteries
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摘要: 以ZnCl2为硬模板和锌源，三聚氰胺和硫脲为氮源和硫源，废弃生物质橘子皮为碳源，通过高温烧结和后续蚀刻处理制备出硫化锌纳米点与三维N-S共掺杂炭纳米片的纳米复合材料（ZnS/NS-CN）。当应用于锂离子电池时，ZnS/NS-CN表现出较高的可逆容量（0.1 A g−1下，循环300次后容量仍有853.5 mAh g−1），优异的长期循环稳定性（5 A g−1下，循环1000次后，容量保持率为70.1%）和优异的倍率性能。此外，在0.5~4 V下组装和测试的ZnS/NS-CN//LiNiCoMnO2全电池表现出优异的电池性能（在0.2 C下循环150次后容量为140.4 mAh g−1，能量密度为132.4 Wh kg−1）。
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关键词:
- ZnS纳米点 /
- N-S共掺杂炭纳米片 /
- 废弃生物质 /
- 锂离子电池
Abstract: A nanocomposite of zinc sulfide nanodots imbedded in honeycomb-like N-S co-doped carbon nanosheets (ZnS/NS-CN) was synthesized from waste biomass orange peel using ZnCl2 as the hard template and zinc source, and melamine and thiourea as the respective nitrogen and sulfur sources. When used as the anode material in Li-ion batteries, ZnS/NS-CN has a high reversible capacity (853.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 300 cycles), an excellent long-term cycling stability (70.1% capacity retention after 1 000 cycles at 5 A g−1) and an outstanding rate capability. Besides, a ZnS/NS-CN//LiNiCoMnO2 full cell tested at 0.5-4 V has an excellent battery performance (140.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 150 cycles with an energy density of 132.4 Wh kg−1).-
Key words:
- ZnS nanodots /
- N-S co-doped carbon nanosheets /
- Waste biomass /
- Li-ion batteries
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Figure 1. Schematic illustration for in situ formation of ZnS nanodots embedded in honeycomb-like N-S co-doped carbon nanosheets (denoted as ZnS/NS-CN)
Figure 3. (a) TEM image, (b,c) HR-TEM images, (d) HADDF-STEM image of ZnS/NS-CN and corresponding elemental mapping of C (red), N (green), S (purple) and Zn (blue)
Figure 4. (a) XRD patterns of OPBC, NS-CN, ZnS/NS-CN. (b) XPS survey spectrum of ZnS/NS-CN. High resolution XPS spectra of (c) C 1s, (d) N 1s, (e) S 2p, (f) Zn 2p of ZnS/NS-CN
Figure 5. (a) N2 adsorption−desorption isotherm curve and pore size distribution (inset) of ZnS/NS-CN. (b) TGA curve of the ZnS/NS-CN composite
Figure 6. (a) CV curves of the ZnS/NS-CN anode for the initial four cycles at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s−1. (b) Charge/discharge curves of the ZnS/NS-CN anode for 1st, 2nd, 100th, 200th, 300th cycles. Cycling performance of the ZnS/NS-CN, NS-CN and OPBC electrodes at (c) 0.1 A g−1 and (f) 5 A g−1. (d) Rate capabilities at various current densities and (e) EIS plots of the ZnS/NS-CN, NS-CN and OPBC electrodes
Figure 7. (a) CV curves of ZnS/NS-CN at scan rates from 0.3 to 1.5 mV s−1. (b) b value determination for anodic process. (c) Capacitance contribution (pink) and diffusion contribution (violet) at 0.3 mV s−1. (d) The capacitance contribution ratio at increasing scan rate from 0.3 to 1.5 mV s−1
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