Recent developments in MXene and MXene/carbon composites for use in biomedical applications
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摘要: MXene是一种具有独特层状结构的新型过渡金属碳化物，它具有较大的比表面积、优异的导电性、光热性能和抗菌性能等特殊的物理化学特性，因此表现出较高的应用价值。与此同时，为了追求更广泛的应用，MXene常与炭材料复合以增强其综合性能。近年来，MXene及MXene/碳基复合材料在电子、传感以及生物医药等领域受到了广泛关注。本文聚焦于MXene及MXene/碳基复合材料的制备、修饰方法及其在生物传感、抗菌材料、疾病诊断与治疗等生物医学领域中的应用，以期推动MXene研究取得更大进展。Abstract: MXene is a revolutionary two-dimensional material that has a distinct layer structure and the chemical composition of transition metal carbides. It has special physicochemical characteristics including a large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical properties and photothermal behavior, which give it a valuable variety of applications. To endow it a broader range of applications, it is often composited with carbon-based materials. Therefore, MXene and MXene/carbon composites have attracted much attention in applications such as electronics, biosensors and biomedicine over recent years. In this review, the fabrication, modification and biomedical applications of MXene and MXene/carbon composites are introduced, focussing on their biomedical applications, such as biosensors, antibacterial materials, drug delivery, and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Key words:
- MXene/carbon based composites /
- Biomedical application /
- Sensor /
- Antibacterial
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Figure 3. (a) Fabrication process and photothermal performances of MXene/Ag composites[52]. (b) Preparation of SP@MX-TOB/GelMA antibacterial treatment platform[53]. (c) Fabrication and antibacterial mechanism of Bi2S3/MXene Schottky junction[55]. (d) Schematic image of photothermal mechanism of MXene/MoS2 bio-heterojunctions[27]. (e) Schematic diagram of photocatalytic mechanism of MXene/MoS2 bio-heterojunctions[27]. (f) Schematic illustrations of POD-like reaction and GSHOx-like reaction mechanism of MXene/MoS2 bio-heterojunctions[27]. Reprinted with permission
Figure 4. (a) Fabrication process of Dox@MXene/CoNWs heterojunction[58]. (b) Schematic image of chemo-photothermal synergistic anticancer platform Dox@MXene/CoNWs[58]. (c) 4T1 cell viability with different treatments[58]. (d) Preparation procedure of MXene Ti2N@oSi loaded with Dox/CDDP[60]. (e) The anticancer mechanism of Ti2N@oSi loaded with Dox/CDDP. Reprinted with permission[60]
Figure 5. (a) Preparation procedure and schematic illustration of multifunction diagnosis and treatment platform of Ti3C2@Au[66]. (b) Fabrication of Dox@Ti3C2-SP for PA imaging and chemo-photothermal therapy[67]. (c) Schematic illustration of diagnosis and treatment mechanism of Dox@Ti3C2-SP against cancer[67]. Reprinted with permission
Methods Advantages Disadvantages Surface functional groups Ref. HF-etching Simple and stable Toxic and dangerous ―F, ―OH, ―O [17] HCl/fluoride-etching Mild reaction process and safe Introduction of hydrophobic group -Cl ―F, ―OH, ―O, ―Cl [18] Lewis acid molten salt etching Suitable for producing TinNn-1 High demand for temperature ―F, ―OH, ―O [19] Chemical vapor deposition Low cost and accurate control during reaction High demand for temperature Bare [22] Electrochemical corrosion Mild and safe Long reaction time ―OH, ―O [23] Alkali-etching Better surface reactivity Poor etching effect ―OH, ―O [19] 
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