双金属电催化CO2还原催化剂的合成、表征和机理研究进展

A review of the synthesis, characterization, and mechanism of bimetallic catalysts for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction

  • 摘要: 电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CO2RR)是一种将CO2转化为有价值的化学品的有效方法。然而,CO2的转化是一个复杂的过程,涉及2、4、6、8和12等多电子转移步骤。因此,开发高效的催化剂以精确控制CO2转化过程中的电子转移数目具有重要意义。单金属催化剂存在活性位点单一、反应动力学慢、产物选择性低和稳定性不足等缺点。双金属催化剂因其独特的结构和优异的性能而受到广泛关注。通过引入次金属,可以改变催化剂的电子结构,促进新的活性位点的形成,从而优化中间体与活性位点之间的相互作用。因此,本文综述了以炭材料为基底的单原子双金属催化剂和合金、异质结构等非原子级的双金属催化剂以及它们的制备方法、结构表征和催化产物,归纳双金属催化剂的催化机理。最后,提出CO2RR中遇到的挑战并对今后的发展进行展望。

     

    Abstract: The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an environmentally friendly way to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals. However, CO2 conversion is a complex process, which contains 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 electron transfer processes. It is very important to develop efficient catalysts to precisely control the number of electron transfers for the chemicals required. Single-metal catalysts have some deficiencies, including slow reaction kinetics, low product selectivity and inadequate stability. In response to these challenges, bimetallic catalysts have received significant attention owing to their unique structure and improved performance. The introduction of secondary metals alters the catalyst’s electronic structure, and creates novel active sites, as well as optimizing their interaction with the intermediates. This review provides a comprehensive account of atomically distributed bimetals based on carbon materials and non-atomic distributed bimetals such as alloys and heterostructures, including their synthesis methods, characterization, and the outcomes of different catalysts. Catalytic mechanisms of different bimetallic catalysts are proposed and challenges encountered in the CO2RR are considered.

     

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