Citation: | Michio Inagaki, HUANG Zheng-hong. Carbon materials for water desalination by capacitive deionization. New Carbon Mater., 2023, 38(3): 405-437. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(23)60736-X |
[1] |
Gao M, Zhu L, Peh C K, et al. Solar absorber material and system designs for photothermal water vaporization towards clean water and energy production[J]. Energy & Environmental Science,2019,12(3):841-864.
|
[2] |
Huang Z H, Yang Z, Kang F, et al. Carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5(2):470-496. doi: 10.1039/C6TA06733F
|
[3] |
Zhang C, He D, Ma J, et al. Faradaic reactions in capacitive deionization (CDI)-problems and possibilities: A review[J]. Water Research,2018,128:314-330. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.024
|
[4] |
Tang W, Liang J, He D, et al. Various cell architectures of capacitive deionization: Recent advances and future trends[J]. Water Research,2019,150:225-251. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.064
|
[5] |
Anis S F, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. Functional materials in desalination: A review[J]. Desalination,2019,468:114077.
|
[6] |
Kim N, Lee J, Kim S, et al. Short review of multichannel membrane capacitive deionization: principle, current status, and future prospect[J]. Applied Sciences,2020,10(2):683. doi: 10.3390/app10020683
|
[7] |
Vafakhah S, Beiramzadeh Z, Saeedikhani M, et al. A review on free-standing electrodes for energy-effective desalination: Recent advances and perspectives in capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2020,493:114662. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114662
|
[8] |
Xing W, Liang J, Tang W, et al. Versatile applications of capacitive deionization (CDI)-based technologies[J]. Desalination,2020,482:114390. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114390
|
[9] |
Oladunni J, Zain J H, Hai A, et al. A comprehensive review on recently developed carbon based nanocomposites for capacitive deionization: From theory to practice[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2018,207:291-320. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.046
|
[10] |
Nakayama Y, Imamura E, Noda S. Capacitive deionization characteristics of compressed granular activated carbon[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2021,277:119454.
|
[11] |
Qiang H, Shi M, Wang F, et al. Green synthesis of high N-doped hierarchical porous carbon nanogranules with ultra-high specific surface area and porosity for capacitive deionization[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2023,308:122918. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122918
|
[12] |
Liu M, Xu M, Xue Y, et al. efficient capacitive deionization using natural basswood-derived, freestanding, hierarchically porous carbon electrodes[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2018,10(37):31260-31270.
|
[13] |
Zheng S M, Yuan Z H, Dionysiou D D, et al. Silkworm cocoon waste-derived nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon as robust electrode materials for efficient capacitive desalination[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2023,458:141471. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.141471
|
[14] |
Zhao C, Wang Q, Chang S, et al. Efficient transport system of cultivated mushroom mycelium enables its derived carbon with high performance electrochemical desalination capability[J]. Carbon,2022,196:699-707. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2022.05.020
|
[15] |
Stephanie H, Mlsna T E, Wipf D O. Functionalized biochar electrodes for asymmetrical capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2021,516:115240.
|
[16] |
Song X, Fang D, Huo S, et al. 3D-ordered honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped micro–mesoporous carbon for brackish water desalination using capacitive deionization[J]. Environmental Science: Nano,2021,8(8):2191-2203. doi: 10.1039/D1EN00276G
|
[17] |
Guo J, Xu X, Hill J P, et al. Graphene–carbon 2D heterostructures with hierarchically-porous P, N-doped layered architecture for capacitive deionization[J]. Chemical Science,2021,12(30):10334-10340. doi: 10.1039/D1SC00915J
|
[18] |
Halabaso E R, Salvacion J W L, Kuncoro E P, et al. Highly efficient capacitive deionization of brackish water with manganese vanadate nanorod decorated reduced graphene oxide electrode[J]. Environmental Science:Nano,2021,8(10):2844-2854. doi: 10.1039/D1EN00514F
|
[19] |
Song X, Fang D, Huo S, et al. Exceptional capacitive deionization desalination performance of hollow bowl-like carbon derived from MOFs in brackish water[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2021,278:119550. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119550
|
[20] |
Kyaw H H, Myint M T Z, Al-Harthi S, et al. Electric field enhanced in situ silica nanoparticles grafted activated carbon cloth electrodes for capacitive deionization[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2022,281:119888. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119888
|
[21] |
Zong M, Huo S, Liu Y, et al. Hydrangea-like nitrogen-doped porous carbons derived from NH2-MIL-53(Al) for high-performance capacitive deionization[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2021,256:117818. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117818
|
[22] |
Hu B, Shang X, Nie P, et al. Lithium ion sieve modified three-dimensional graphene electrode for selective extraction of lithium by capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2022,612:392-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.181
|
[23] |
Bai Y, Huang Z H, Yu X L, et al. Graphene oxide-embedded porous carbon nanofiber webs by electrospinning for capacitive deionization[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2014,444:153-158.
|
[24] |
Wang G, Dong Q, Wu T, et al. Ultrasound-assisted preparation of electrospun carbon fiber/graphene electrodes for capacitive deionization: Importance and unique role of electrical conductivity[J]. Carbon,2016,103:311-317. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.03.025
|
[25] |
Liu Y, Du X, Wang Z, et al. Layered double hydroxide coated electrospun carbon nanofibers as the chloride capturing electrode for ultrafast electrochemical deionization[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2022,609:289-296. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.001
|
[26] |
Chen C, Men L, Liu A, et al. Enhanced electrochemical and capacitive deionization performances of single-layer graphene oxide/nitrogen-doped porous carbon/activated carbon fiber composite electrodes[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,2022,10(6):108696. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2022.108696
|
[27] |
Nie P, Wang S, Shang X, et al. Self-supporting porous carbon nanofibers with opposite surface charges for high-performance inverted capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2021,520:115340. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115340
|
[28] |
Hameed R M A, Zouli N, Abutaleb A, et al. Improving water desalination performance of electrospun carbon nanofibers by supporting with binary metallic carbide nanoparticles[J]. Ceramics International,2022,48(4):4741-4753. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.11.010
|
[29] |
Wang P, Ma W, Xue S, et al. N-doped carbon nanosheets assembled microspheres for more effective capacitive deionization[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2021,276:119336. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119336
|
[30] |
Gong X, Luo W, Guo N, et al. Carbon nanofiber@ZIF-8 derived carbon nanosheet composites with a core–shell structure boosting capacitive deionization performance[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2021,9(34):18604-18613. doi: 10.1039/D1TA03804D
|
[31] |
Talebi M, Ahadian M M, Shahrokhian S. Binder-free 3D graphene nanostructures on Ni foam substrate for application in capacitive deionization[J]. Diamond and Related Materials,2021,120:108612.
|
[32] |
Zhang G, Li W, Chen Z, et al. Freestanding N-doped graphene membrane electrode with interconnected porous architecture for efficient capacitive deionization[J]. Carbon,2022,187:86-96. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.10.081
|
[33] |
Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang W, et al. Nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped eave-like hierarchical porous carbon for efficient capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2021,9(21):12807-12817. doi: 10.1039/D0TA10797B
|
[34] |
Lee J H, Bae W S, Choi J H. Electrode reactions and adsorption/desorption performance related to the applied potential in a capacitive deionization process[J]. Desalination,2010,258(1):159-163.
|
[35] |
Choi J-H. Determination of the electrode potential causing Faradaic reactions in membrane capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2014,347:224-229.
|
[36] |
Bouhadana Y, Avraham E, Noked M, et al. Capacitive deionization of NaCl solutions at non-steady-state conditions: Inversion functionality of the carbon electrodes[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115(33):16567-16573. doi: 10.1021/jp2047486
|
[37] |
Cohen I, Avraham E, Bouhadana Y, et al. Long term stability of capacitive de-ionization processes for water desalination: The challenge of positive electrodes corrosion[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2013,106:91-100. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.029
|
[38] |
He D, Wong C E, Tang W, et al. Faradaic reactions in water desalination by batch-mode capacitive deionization[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters,2016,3(5):222-226.
|
[39] |
Taha M M, Anwar S E, Ramadan M, et al. Controlled fabrication of mesoporous electrodes with unprecedented stability for water capacitive deionization under harsh conditions in large size cells[J]. Desalination,2021,511:115099. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115099
|
[40] |
Adorna J, Borines M, Dang V D, et al. Coconut shell derived activated biochar–manganese dioxide nanocomposites for high performance capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2020,492:114602. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114602
|
[41] |
Wang H, Edaño L, Valentino L, et al. Capacitive deionization using carbon derived from an array of zeolitic-imidazolate frameworks[J]. Nano Energy,2020,77:105304. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105304
|
[42] |
Tang W, He D, Zhang C, et al. Comparison of Faradaic reactions in capacitive deionization (CDI) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) water treatment processes[J]. Water Research,2017,120:229-237. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.009
|
[43] |
Juchen P T, Barcelos K M, Oliveira K S G C, et al. Using crude residual glycerol as precursor of sustainable activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization desalination[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,429:132209. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132209
|
[44] |
Son J W, Choi J H. Suppression of electrode reactions and enhancement of the desalination performance of capacitive deionization using a composite carbon electrode coated with an ion-exchange polymer[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2021,278:119503.
|
[45] |
Li H, Zou L. Ion-exchange membrane capacitive deionization: A new strategy for brackish water desalination[J]. Desalination,2011,275(1):62-66.
|
[46] |
Biesheuvel P M, van der Wal A. Membrane capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2010,346(2):256-262.
|
[47] |
Lee J B, Park K K, Eum H M, et al. Desalination of a thermal power plant wastewater by membrane capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2006,196(1):125-134.
|
[48] |
Porada S, Sales B B, Hamelers H V M, et al. Water desalination with wires[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2012,3(12):1613-1618. doi: 10.1021/jz3005514
|
[49] |
Suss M E, Baumann T F, Bourcier W L, et al. Capacitive desalination with flow-through electrodes[J]. Energy & Environmental Science,2012,5(11):9511-9519.
|
[50] |
Baumann T F, Worsley M A, Han T Y J, et al. High surface area carbon aerogel monoliths with hierarchical porosity[J]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2008,354(29):3513-3515. doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.03.006
|
[51] |
Wang G, Qian B, Wang Y, et al. Electrospun porous hierarchical carbon nanofibers with tailored structures for supercapacitors and capacitive deionization[J]. New Journal of Chemistry,2016,40(4):3786-3792. doi: 10.1039/C5NJ02963E
|
[52] |
Remillard E M, Shocron A N, Rahill J, et al. A direct comparison of flow-by and flow-through capacitive deionization[J]. Desalination,2018,444:169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.018
|
[53] |
Zhang C, He D, Ma J, et al. Comparison of faradaic reactions in flow-through and flow-by capacitive deionization (CDI) systems[J]. Electrochimica Acta,2019,299:727-735. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.058
|
[54] |
Zhang X, Dutta J. X-Fe (X = Mn, Co, Cu) Prussian blue analogue-modified carbon cloth electrodes for capacitive deionization[J]. ACS Applied Energy Materials,2021,4(8):8275-8284.
|
[55] |
Reale E R, Regenwetter L, Agrawal A, et al. Low porosity, high areal-capacity prussian blue analogue electrodes enhance salt removal and thermodynamic efficiency in symmetric Faradaic deionization with automated fluid control[J]. Water Research X,2021,13:100116. doi: 10.1016/j.wroa.2021.100116
|
[56] |
Shi M, Qiang H, Chen C, et al. Construction and evaluation of a novel three-electrode capacitive deionization system with high desalination performance[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2021,273:118976. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118976
|
[57] |
Laxman K, Myint M T Z, Al Abri M, et al. Desalination and disinfection of inland brackish ground water in a capacitive deionization cell using nanoporous activated carbon cloth electrodes[J]. Desalination,2015,362:126-132. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2015.02.010
|
[58] |
Jeon S I, Park H R, Yeo J G, et al. Desalination via a new membrane capacitive deionization process utilizing flow-electrodes[J]. Energy & Environmental Science,2013,6(5):1471-1475.
|
[59] |
Jeon S i, Yeo J g, Yang S, et al. Ion storage and energy recovery of a flow-electrode capacitive deionization process[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(18):6378-6383. doi: 10.1039/c4ta00377b
|
[60] |
He C, Ma J, Zhang C, et al. Short-circuited closed-cycle operation of flow-electrode CDI for brackish water softening[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2018,52(16):9350-9360.
|
[61] |
Ma J, Ma J, Zhang C, et al. Water recovery rate in short-circuited closed-cycle operation of flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI)[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2019,53(23):13859-13867.
|
[62] |
Yang S, Choi J, Yeo J G, et al. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization using an aqueous electrolyte with a high salt concentration[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2016,50(11):5892-5899.
|
[63] |
Yang S, Kim H, Jeon S I, et al. Analysis of the desalting performance of flow-electrode capacitive deionization under short-circuited closed cycle operation[J]. Desalination,2017,424:110-121. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2017.09.032
|
[64] |
Ma J, Liang P, Sun X, et al. Energy recovery from the flow-electrode capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Power Sources,2019,421:50-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.02.082
|
[65] |
Doornbusch G J, Dykstra J E, Biesheuvel P M, et al. Fluidized bed electrodes with high carbon loading for water desalination by capacitive deionization[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2016,4(10):3642-3647. doi: 10.1039/C5TA10316A
|
[66] |
Xu L, Mao Y, Zong Y, et al. Membrane-current collector-based flow-electrode capacitive deionization system: A novel stack configuration for scale-up desalination[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2021,55(19):13286-13296.
|
[67] |
Xu L, Ding R, Mao Y, et al. Selective recovery of phosphorus and urea from fresh human urine using a liquid membrane chamber integrated flow-electrode electrochemical system[J]. Water Research,2021,202:117423. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117423
|
[68] |
Gao X, Omosebi A, Landon J, et al. Surface charge enhanced carbon electrodes for stable and efficient capacitive deionization using inverted adsorption–desorption behavior[J]. Energy & Environmental Science,2015,8(3):897-909.
|
[69] |
Lee J Y, Seo S J, Yun S H, et al. Preparation of ion exchanger layered electrodes for advanced membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI)[J]. Water Research,2011,45(17):5375-5380. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.06.028
|
[70] |
Lee J, Jo K, Lee J, et al. Rocking-chair capacitive deionization for continuous brackish water desalination[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering,2018,6(8):10815-10822.
|
[71] |
Lee J, Kim S, Kim C, et al. Hybrid capacitive deionization to enhance the desalination performance of capacitive techniques[J]. Energy & Environmental Science,2014,7(11):3683-3689.
|
[72] |
Smith K C, Dmello R. Na-ion desalination (NID) enabled by Na-blocking membranes and symmetric na-intercalation: Porous-electrode modeling[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society,2016,163(3):A530.
|
[73] |
Kim N, Jeon J, Elbert J, et al. Redox-mediated electrochemical desalination for waste valorization in dairy production[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,428:131082. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131082
|
[74] |
Ahn D, Kim D, Park J H, et al. Enhanced desalination performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon electrode in redox-mediated deionization[J]. Desalination,2021,520:115333. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2021.115333
|
[75] |
Brogioli D. Extracting renewable energy from a salinity difference using a capacitor[J]. Physical Review Letters,2009,103(5):058501.
|
[76] |
La Mantia F, Pasta M, Deshazer H D, et al. Batteries for efficient energy extraction from a water salinity difference[J]. Nano Letters,2011,11(4):1810-1813. doi: 10.1021/nl200500s
|
[77] |
Pasta M, Wessells C D, Cui Y, et al. A desalination battery[J]. Nano Letters,2012,12(2):839-843. doi: 10.1021/nl203889e
|
[78] |
Pasta M, Battistel A, La Mantia F. Batteries for lithium recovery from brines[J]. Energy & Environmental Science,2012,5(11):9487-9491.
|
[79] |
Lee J, Yu S-H, Kim C, et al. Highly selective lithium recovery from brine using a λ-MnO2–Ag battery[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2013,15(20):7690-7695. doi: 10.1039/c3cp50919b
|
[80] |
Kim T, Rahimi M, Logan B E, et al. Harvesting energy from salinity differences using battery electrodes in a concentration flow cell[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2016,50(17):9791-9797.
|
[81] |
Kim T, Gorski C A, Logan B E. Low energy desalination using battery electrode deionization[J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters,2017,4(10):444-449.
|
[82] |
Sales B B, Saakes M, Post J W, et al. Direct power production from a water salinity difference in a membrane-modified supercapacitor flow cell[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2010,44(14):5661-5665.
|
[83] |
Kim T, Yoon J. CDI ragone plot as a functional tool to evaluate desalination performance in capacitive deionization[J]. RSC Advances,2015,5(2):1456-1461.
|