Abstract: It is important to increase the content of pyridine soluble in mesophase pitch to improve its spinnability. A naphthalene isotropic pitch was used as the raw material to prepare mesophase pitch by polymerization. The components of the polymerized products were analyzed by solvent extraction with benzene and pyridine, and classified as benzene soluble (BS), pyridine insoluble (PI) and benzene insoluble but pyridine soluble (BI-PS). The effects of polymerization temperature, time and the components of the raw material on the distribution of the components and optical texture of the mesophase pitch were investigated. The reaction kinetic constants were calculated assuming a consecutive reaction from BS to BI-PS, then to PI. Results show that a mesophase pitch with a relatively uniform distribution of components is obtained after reaction at 430 ^oC for 20 h from an isotropic pitch pre-polymerized at 400 ^oC for 10 h. The mesophase pitch synthesis reaction has a significant auto-acceleration effect in that the reaction rate constant of a heavy component is larger than a light one. The reaction rate becomes faster and faster as the molecular weight of the pitch increases in the latter stage of the synthesis reaction. Therefore, the initial component of raw pitch, reaction temperature and time have a decisive influence on the distribution of components in the mesophase pitch.