Factors that influence the performance of hydrogen detectors based on single-wall carbon nanotubes
-
摘要: 单壁碳纳米管用于制造氢气传感器已有几十年的历史。由于单壁碳纳米管与氢气的相互作用很小，因此需采用了多种改性来辅助，改性物包括金属、金属氧化物与聚合物等。一些研究指出，当与碳纳米管上的官能团结合时，改性物可以使响应提高几个数量级。在目前的研究中，已开发了许多新的结构。此外，单壁碳纳米管的直径和手性等结构也会影响氢气探测器的性能。本文对单壁碳纳米管的改性进行了分类，并对其影响因素进行了讨论，旨在为制造高响应度和低检测限的探测器提供支撑。Abstract: Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been used to fabricate hydrogen gas (H2) detectors for several decades. It has been proven that they barely interact with H2 so that numerous modifications are used to assist this function. Additives include metals, metal oxides, polymers etc. Previous research suggests that the presence of functional groups on the SWCNTs may improve the response by several orders of magnitude. Recently, many different novel structures have been exploited, and structural parameters of the SWCNTs, such as diameter and chirality, also influence the performance of the detectors. Modifications of the SWCNTs are classified and other factors that influence the performance are also discussed, with the aim of accelerating the manufacture of detectors with a high responsivity and low limit of detection.
-
Key words:
- Gas sensors /
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes /
- Modification /
- Self-characteristic /
- Air monitoring
-
Figure 1. (a) Response curve of an individual SWCNTs coated with Pd particles to 4.0×10−4 H2 on and off cycles in air (left) and to 0.4×10−4 H2 self-recovery in air (right). Reproduced with permission from Ref[20], Copyright from WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim, 2001. (b) I-V characteristics showing the resistance change with increase in amount of charge used for Pd of electrodeposition. Reproduced with permission from Ref[21], Copyright from 2007 American Chemical Society
Figure 2. (a) Response curves of for 6% H2 at different temperatures. Reproduced with permission from Ref[16], Copyright from 2010 Elsevier B.V. (b) Response curves of 0.15×10−2 H2 for SnO2 and SWCNTs/SnO2 at different temperatures, respectively. Reproduced with permission from Ref[22], Copyright from 2007 Elsevier B. Response curves of (c) SnO2-SWCNTs and (d) Pt-SnO2-SWCNTs films with different transparencies in 1%-6% H2. Reproduced with permission from Ref[19], Copyright from 2012 Elsevier B.V. Response curves of (e) the Pd-SWCNTs film/SiO2/p-Si heterostructure for 0.02% H2 and (f) the Pd-SWCNTs film resistance-type device for 0.05% H2. Reproduced with permission from Ref[34], Copyright from 2015 Author (s)
Figure 3. (a) A schematic illustration of a film of SWCNTs-based on a glass substrate. (b) Interactions of H2 with the Type III sensor. Reproduced with permission from Ref[36], Copyright from 2010 Elsevier B.V. (c) Response of Pd-SWCNTs and Pd-exfoliated SWCNTs thin films during repeated H2 on and off with an H2 concentration of 4% in air. Reproduced with permission from Ref[46], Copyright from 2007 Elsevier B.V. (d) The image of Pd random decoration of the s-SWCNTs at different position, response of the defective device. Reproduced with permission from Ref[47]. Copyright from 2010 American Chemical Society
Figure 4. (a) The response of CNT-Pd nanoparticles H2 sensor with the deposition of four QPd values: showing three different of H2 concentration: Left, 0.1×10−4 < [H2] < 0.1×10−3; Middle, 0.1×10−3 < [H2] < 0.1×10−2, Right, 0.2×10−2 < [H2] < 0.4×10−1. (b) The image of a single CNT rope decorated with Pd nanoparticles. Reproduced with permission from Ref[48], Copyright from American Chemical Society
Figure 5. (a) Conductivity to different H2 concentrations. Reproduced with permission from Ref[49], Copyright from 2003 Nature Publishing Group. (b) Response curves of at different diameter and chirality SWCNTs/Pd FETs on Si/SiO2. Reproduced with permission from Ref[37], Copyright from 2011 American Chemical Society. (c) Changes of the valence band of Schottky barrier with various H2 concentrations. Reproduced with permission from Ref[49], Copyright from 2003 Nature Publishing Group. (d) The diameter of SWCNTs increases from large to small, but the performance increases from low to high to low. (e) The relationship between the diameter and conductivity of different chiral carbon nanotubes in three s-SWCNTs FETs. Reproduced with permission from Ref[37], Copyright from 2011 American Chemical Society. (f) The image of the Pd-decorated SWCNTs film H2 sensor. (g) Real time response to different H2 concentrations at room temperature. (h) Response time and decay time can be defined by fitting portions of the curves. Reproduced with permission from Ref[13], Copyright from American Chemical Society
Table 1. Characteristics of various SWCNT-Based H2 Sensors
Sample LOD Temperature Concentration range Response time Refs SWCNTs-Pd-functionalized 0.5% RT 0.5% - 3% ~ 2 min [31] SWCNTs-Pd 1% RT / 20 s [25] SWCNTs-Pd-functionalized 0.3% RT 0.5% - 4% ~10 min [32] SWCNTs-Pd- Electrochemical 1.0×10−5 RT 0.1×10−4 - 0.15×10−3 3 min [29] SWCNTs-Pd 1% RT 0.05% - 1% 3 s [30] SWCNTs-Pd 1% RT 0.3×10−4 - 1×10−3 1.5 s [12] SWCNTs/Pd-grafted 1% RT 0.001% - 1% 7 s [27] SWCNTs-COOH-Pd 1.0×10−4 RT 0.3×10−4 - 0.3×10−3 20 min [21] SWCNTs-Pd 2.5% RT 0.025% - 2.5% 5 s [28] SWCNTs-Pd 0.7×10−7 / / / [24] SWCNTs/DNA/Pd 1.0×10−4 RT 1×10−4 - 1×10−3 13 min [36] s-SWCNTs-Pd 8.9×10−7 RT 0.89×10−7 - 0.311×10−3 7 s [13] SWCNTs/Pd 0.73×10−6 RT 0.73×10−6 - 0.5×10−4 3.6 min [37] SWCNTs/Pd 0.74×10−7 RT 0.25×10−4 - 0.2×10−3 11.8 min [38] SWCNTs/SnO2 1.5×10−3 250 °C 0.3×10−3 - 0.5×10−3 2-3 s [39] SWCNTs/CuO 6% 250 °C >6% ~1.2 min [16] SWCNTs/SnO2 1% RT >1% 2-3 s [18] SWCNTs/SnO2-Pt 6% 200 °C 1% - 6% <40 s [19] SWCNTs/SiO2/Si-Pd 0.05% RT 0.02% - 0.1% ~552 s [35] 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Iijima S, Ichihashi T. Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter[J]. Nature,1993,363(6430):603-605. doi: 10.1038/363603a0 [2] Liu P, Jiao Y, Chai X, et al. High-performance electric and optical biosensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes[J]. Journal of Luminescence, 2022: 119084. [3] Demski S, Dydek K, Bartnicka K, et al. Introduction of SWCNTs as a method of improvement of electrical and mechanical properties of CFRPs based on Thermoplastic Acrylic Resin[J]. Polymers,2023,15(3):506. doi: 10.3390/polym15030506 [4] Kim J H, Ahn J, Kim H M, et al. Highly efficient oxidation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in liquid crystalline phase and dispersion for applications in Li-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2023:141350. [5] Du C, Quyen N, Malekahmadi O, et al. Thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluid by adding multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Characterization and numerical modeling patterns[J]. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 2020. [6] Jiao E, Sun Z, Zhang H, et al. Bidirectionally enhanced thermally conductive and mechanical properties MXene nanocomposite film via covalently bridged functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube[J]. Applied Surface Science,2023,61:156270. [7] Sajid M, Asif M, Baig N, et al. Carbon nanotubes-based adsorbents: Properties, functionalization, interaction mechanisms, and applications in water purification[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering,2022,47:102815. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102815 [8] Orlando A, Mushtaq A, Gaiardo A, et al. The Influence of surfactants on the deposition and performance of single-walled carbon nanotube-based gas sensors for NO2 and NH3 detection[J]. Chemosensors,2023,11(2):127. doi: 10.3390/chemosensors11020127 [9] Jones R S, Kim B, Han J-W, Meyyappan M. pH modeling to predict SWCNT-COOH gas sensor response to multiple target gases[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2021,125(17):9356-9363. [10] Kong J, Franklin N R, Zhou C W, et al. Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors[J]. Science,2000,287(5453):622-625. doi: 10.1126/science.287.5453.622 [11] Xiang C, Zou Y, Qiu S, et al. Nanocarbon-based materials for hydrogen sensor[J]. Progress in Chemistry,2013,25(2-3):270-275. [12] Sun Y, Wang H H. High-performance, flexible hydrogen sensors that use carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles[J]. Advanced Materials,2007,19(19):2818-2823. [13] Xiao M, Liang S, Han J, et al. Batch fabrication of ultrasensitive carbon nanotube hydrogen sensors with sub-ppm detection limit[J]. ACS Sensors,2018,3(4):749-756. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00006 [14] Hu J, Sang G, Zeng N, et al. Amperometric sensor for the detection of hydrogen stable isotopes based on Pt nanoparticles confined within single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2022,356:131344. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2021.131344 [15] Fellah, M F. Pt doped (8, 0) single wall carbon nanotube as hydrogen sensor: A density functional theory study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2019,44(49):27010-27021. [16] Hoa N D, Quy N V, Jung H, et al. Synthesis of porous CuO nanowires and its application to hydrogen detection[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2010,146(1):266-272. [17] Yang M, Kim D H, Kim W S, et al. H-2 sensing characteristics of SnO2 coated single wall carbon nanotube network sensors[J]. Nanotechnology,2010,21(21):215501. [18] Mao S, Cui S, Yu K, et al. Ultrafast hydrogen sensing through hybrids of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes and tin oxide nanocrystals[J]. Nanoscale,2012,4(4):1275-1279. doi: 10.1039/c2nr11765g [19] Nguyen Van D, Nguyen Duc H, Nguyen Van H. Effective hydrogen gas nanosensor based on bead-like nanowires of platinum-decorated tin oxide[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2012,173:211-217. [20] Kong J, Chapline M G, Dai H J. Functionalized carbon nanotubes for molecular hydrogen sensors[J]. Advanced Materials,2001,13(18):1384-1386. [21] Mubeen S, Zhang T, Yoo B, et al. Palladium nanoparticles decorated single-walled carbon nanotube hydrogen sensor[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2007,111(17):6321-6327. doi: 10.1021/jp067716m [22] Gong J, Sun J, Chen Q. Micromachined sol–gel carbon nanotube/SnO2 nanocomposite hydrogen sensor[J]. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2008, 130(2): 829-835. [23] Polyakov M, Ivanova V, Klyamer D, et al. A hybrid nanomaterial based on single walled carbon nanotubes cross-linked via axially substituted silicon (IV) phthalocyanine for chemiresistive sensors[J]. Molecules,2020,25(9):2073. doi: 10.3390/molecules25092073 [24] Hwang S I, Sopher E M, Zeng Z, et al. Metal–organic frameworks on palladium nanoparticle–functionalized carbon nanotubes for monitoring hydrogen storage[J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials,2022,5(10):13779-13786. doi: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00998 [25] Hayakawa Y, Suda Y, Hashizume T, et al. Hydrogen-sensing response of carbon-nanotube thin-film sensor with Pd comb-like electrodes[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 2-Letters & Express Letters,2007,46(12-16):L362-L364. [26] Ju S, Lee J M, Jung Y, et al. Highly sensitive hydrogen gas sensors using single-walled carbon nanotubes grafted with Pd nanoparticles[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2010,146(1):122-128. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2010.01.055 [27] Liu R, Ding H, Lin J, et al. Fabrication of platinum-decorated single-walled carbon nanotube based hydrogen sensors by aerosol jet printing[J]. Nanotechnology,2012,23(50):505301. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/50/505301 [28] Lee J H, Kang W S, Najeeb C K, et al. A hydrogen gas sensor using single-walled carbon nanotube Langmuir-Blodgett films decorated with palladium nanoparticles[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2013,188:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.066 [29] Schlecht U, Balasubramanian K, Burghard M, et al. Electrochemically decorated carbon nanotubes for hydrogen sensing[J]. Applied Surface Science,2007,253(20):8394-8397. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.04.004 [30] Sun Y, Wang H H. Electrodeposition of Pd nanoparticles on single-walled carbon nanotubes for flexible hydrogen sensors[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90 (21): 213107. [31] Sayago I, Terrado E, Lafuente E, et al. Hydrogen sensors based on carbon nanotubes thin films[J]. Synthetic Metals,2005,148(1):15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.09.013 [32] Sayago I, Terrado E, Aleixandre M, et al. Novel selective sensors based on carbon nanotube films for hydrogen detection[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2007,122(1):75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2006.05.005 [33] Nguyen Duc C, Haneul Y, Nguyen Minh, et al. Pn-Heterojunction of the SWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite for temperature dependent reaction with hydrogen[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2021,584:582-591. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.017 [34] Du Y, Xue Q, Zhang, Z, et al. Enhanced hydrogen gas response of Pd nanoparticles-decorated single walled carbon nanotube film/SiO2/Si heterostructure[J]. AIP Advances,2015,5(2):027136. doi: 10.1063/1.4913953 [35] Wongwiriyapan W, Okabayashi Y, Minami S, et al. Hydrogen sensing properties of protective-layer-coated single-walled carbon nanotubes with palladium nanoparticle decoration[J]. Nanotechnology,2011,22(5):055501. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/5/055501 [36] Li W, Hoa N D, Kim D. High-performance carbon nanotube hydrogen sensor[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2010, 149 (1): 184-188. [37] Ganzhorn M, Vijayaraghavan A, Dehm S, et al. Hydrogen sensing with diameter- and chirality-sorted carbon nanotubes[J]. Acs Nano,2011,5(3):1670-1676. doi: 10.1021/nn101992g [38] Seo S M, Kang T J, Cheon J H, et al. Facile and scalable fabrication of chemiresistive sensor array for hydrogen detection based on gold-nanoparticle decorated SWCNT network[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2014,204:716-722. doi: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.07.119 [39] Gong J, Chen Q. Sol-gel prepared single wall carbon nanotube SnO2 thin film for micromachined gas sensor[J]. Nanotech, 2004, 3, 232-235. [40] Kim B H, Lee K R, Chung Y C, et al. Functionalization effect on a Pt/carbon nanotube composite catalyst: A first-principles study[J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2016,18(32):22687-22692. doi: 10.1039/C5CP07737K [41] Han M, Kim J K, Kang S W, et al. Post-treatment effects on the gas sensing performance of carbon nanotube sheets[J]. Applied Surface Science,2019,481:597-603. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.160 [42] Rosario-Castro B I, Contes E J, Lebron-Colon M, et al. Combined electron microscopy and spectroscopy characterization of as-received, acid purified, and oxidized HiPco single-wall carbon nanotubes[J]. Materials Characterization,2009,60(12):1442-1453. doi: 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.07.001 [43] Su H C, Zhang M, Bosze W, et al. Metal nanoparticles and DNA co-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube gas sensors[J]. Nanotechnology,2013,24(50):505502. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505502 [44] Al-Diabat A M, Algadri N A, Ahmed N M, et al. Improved hydrogen gas sensing performance of carbon nanotube synthesized using microwave oven[J]. Ieee Sensors Journal,2023,23(2):1033-1041. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2022.3226042 [45] Tang S, Chen W, Zhang H, et al. The functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes gas sensor with Pd nanoparticles for hydrogen detection in the high-voltage transformers[J]. Frontiers in Chemistry,2020,8:174. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00174 [46] Kumar M K, Reddy A L M, Ramaprabhu S. Exfoliated single-walled carbon nanotube-based hydrogen sensor[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2008, 130 (2): 653-660. [47] Khalap V R, Sheps T, Kane A A, et al. Hydrogen sensing and sensitivity of palladium-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes with defects[J]. Nano Letters,2010,10(3):896-901. doi: 10.1021/nl9036092 [48] Li X, Le Thai M, Dutta R K, et al. Sub-6 nm palladium nanoparticles for faster, more sensitive H-2 detection using carbon nanotube ropes[J]. ACS Sensors,2017,2(2):282-289. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00808 [49] Javey A, Guo J, Wang Q, et al. Ballistic carbon nanotube field-effect transistors[J]. Nature,2003,424(6949):654-657. doi: 10.1038/nature01797 [50] Choi B, Lee D, Ahn J H, et al. Investigation of optimal hydrogen sensing performance in semiconducting carbon nanotube network transistors with palladium electrodes[J]. Applied Physics Letters,2015,107(19):193108. doi: 10.1063/1.4935610 [51] Zhang M, Brooks L L, Chartuprayoon N, et al. Palladium/single-walled carbon nanotube back-to-back schottky contact-based hydrogen sensors and their sensing mechanism[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2014,6(1):319-326. [52] Liu F, Xiao M, Ning Y, et al. Toward practical gas sensing with rapid recovery semiconducting carbon nanotube film sensors[J]. Science China-Information Sciences,2022,65(6):162402. doi: 10.1007/s11432-021-3286-3 [53] Alamri M A, Liu B, Walsh M, et al. Enhanced H2 sensitivity in ultraviolet-activated Pt nanoparticle/SWCNT/graphene nanohybrids[J]. Ieee Sensors Journal,2021,21(18):19762-19770. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3100555 [54] Zhou S Y, Xiao M M, Liu F F, et al. Sub-10 parts per billion detection of hydrogen with floating gate transistors built on semiconducting carbon nanotube film[J]. Carbon,2021,180:41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.04.076 [55] Zhao J J, Park H K, Han J, et al. Electronic properties of carbon nanotubes with covalent sidewall functionalization[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2004,108(14):4227-4230. doi: 10.1021/jp036814u [56] Imeni S, Rouhani M, Aliabad J M. NiN4S-doped single walled carbon nanotube as an ultrafast H2 gas sensor: A DFT simulation[J]. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 2023, 148: 110334. [57] Gentry S, Jones T. The role of catalysis in solid-state gas sensors[J]. Sensors and Actuators, 1986, 10 (1-2): 141-163. [58] Gao X, Zhang T. An overview: Facet-dependent metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical, 2018, 277, 604-633. [59] Zhu R, Desroches M, Yoon B, et al. Wireless oxygen sensors enabled by Fe(II)-polymer wrapped carbon nanotubes[J]. ACS Sensors,2017,2(7):1044-1050. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00327 [60] Tong X, Ga L, Bi L G, et al. Wearable electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials for healthcare applications[J]. Electroanalysis,2023,35(2):e202200228. doi: 10.1002/elan.202200228 [61] Lin M, Zheng Z, Yang L, et al. A high-performance, sensitive, wearable multifunctional sensor based on rubber/cnt for human motion and skin temperature detection[J]. Advanced Materials,2022,34(1):2107309. doi: 10.1002/adma.202107309 [62] Du L, Xing X, Feng D, et al. Constructing Pd&PEDOT@CNTs nanoarchitectures for dually detecting hydrogen and ammonia at room temperature[J]. Sensors and Actuators B-Chemical,2023:375. [63] Sim D, Kuang Z, Sant'Anna G, et al. Rational design of peptide biorecognition elements on carbon nanotubes for sensing volatile organic compounds[J]. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 2022: 2201707. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 211
- HTML全文浏览量: 104
- PDF下载量: 75
- 被引次数: 0
