The synthesis of porous carbon from coal liquefied residue and its electromagnetic wave absorption
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摘要: 为解决电磁辐射污染问题，开发经济环保的高效电磁波吸收材料制备工艺刻不容缓。碳基电磁波吸收材料因其独特优势而备受关注，但合适的前驱体碳源以及合理孔结构构筑策略仍是其制备面临的难题。本文以资源丰富的煤液化油渣为碳源，通过盐模板辅助策略，利用NaHCO3模板热分解过程中产生的Na2CO3和大量气体实现了多孔炭骨架的定向形成。相互贯穿的多孔结构不仅调节了炭材料的阻抗匹配，还延长了电磁波的传输路径，增强了介电损耗，在多种电磁损耗机制的协同作用下，煤液化残渣基多孔炭材料展现出优异的电磁波吸收能力。在质量分数仅为10%的填充比以及2.03 mm的厚度下，获得的多孔炭材料展现出−60.28 dB的反射损耗值，并实现了5.36 GHz的有效吸收频宽。因此，本文为高性能碳基电磁波吸收材料的开发提供了新的途径，也为煤液化油渣产品的高附加值利用提供了新的思路。Abstract: To solve the problem of electromagnetic radiation pollution, it is necessary to develop an economic and environmentally friendly way of producing efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. Carbon-based materials have attracted much attention but finding suitable precursors and ways of producing defined pore structures are still challenges. We reporte a simple method to produce porous carbon using coal liquefaction oil residue as the carbon source. The produced porous skeletons are due to the Na2CO3 templates and CO2 gas generated during the thermal decomposition of NaHCO3 templates. It is found that changing the pore structure not only adjusts the impedance matching of the material but also increases the length of the electromagnetic wave transmission path and increases dielectric loss. With the combined effect of multiple electromagnetic loss mechanisms, the material has excellent electromagnetic wave absorption. Specifically, with a filler loading of only 10% and a thickness of 2.03 mm, the obtained carbon material has a reflection loss value of −60.28 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz. This work provides a new approach to developing high-performance carbon-based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and also offers a new idea for the high value-added use of coal liquefaction oil residue products.
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图 1 以煤液化残渣为碳源制备多孔炭材料的合成示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of preparing porous carbon materials derived from coal liquefaction residue as carbon source
图 2 不同温度制备得到多孔炭材料的SEM照片。（a-b）700 °C，（c-d）800 °C，（e-f）900 °C。PC-800样品的（g-h）TEM照片以及（i）其电子衍射图
Figure 2. SEM images of porous carbon materials prepared at different temperatures. (a-b) 700 °C, (c-d) 800 °C, (e-f) 900 °C. (g-h) TEM images of PC-800 sample and (i) its electron diffraction pattern
图 3 不同样品的（a）拉曼光谱图与（b）XRD图。PC-800及C-800的（c）氮气吸脱附等温曲线图及（d）孔径分布曲线图
Figure 3. (a) Raman spectra and (b) XRD patterns of different samples; (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and (d) pore size distributions of PC-800 and C-800 samples
图 4 PC-700、PC-800和PC-900三个样品的复介电常数（a）实部和（b）虚部。不同样品的Cole-Cole曲线图：（c）C-800、（d）PC-700、（e）PC-800和（f）PC-900
Figure 4. The relative permittivity (a) real part and (b) imaginary part for PC-700, PC-800, and PC-900 samples. The Cole-Cole plots for (c) C-800, (d) PC-700, (e) PC-800 and (f) PC-900
图 5 质量分数为10%的填充量下（a-b）PC-700、（c-d）PC-800和（e-f）PC-900三个样品在不同频率和厚度下的3D RL图和相应2D投影图
Figure 5. 3D RL plots and corresponding 2D projection plots at varying frequencies and thickness for (a-b) PC-700, (c-d) PC-800 and (e-f) PC-900 at the same fill ratio of 10% (mass fraction)
图 6 不同厚度下PC-800的（a）RL曲线和（b）对应厚度下的EAB
Figure 6. (a) The RL curve and (b) the detailed EAB of PC-800 at various thicknesses
图 7 （a）PC-700、（b）PC-800和（c）PC-900在不同厚度下的|Zin–1|. （d）2~18 GHz下3个样品的衰减常数（α）
Figure 7. The modulus of Zin–1 at different thicknesses of (a) PC-700, (b) PC-800 and (c) PC-900. (d) The attenuation constant (α) for 3 samples from 2 to 18 GHz
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