孔结构可控的虾壳基多孔炭的制备及其在超级电容器中的应用

A sustainable strategy to prepare porous carbons with tailored pores from shrimp shell for use as supercapacitor electrode materials

  • 摘要: 以虾壳作为集碳源、氮源、硬模板、活化剂四功能为一体的唯一原料,采用简单炭化的方法制备了孔结构可调控的氮掺杂多孔炭。采用醋酸溶液浸泡虾壳的方法使CaCO3的含量在0~100%间变化,CaCO3在低温时作为硬模板,而在高温时分解产生的CaO作为活化剂,进而实现多孔炭的比表面积在117.7~1137.0 m2 g−1,孔体积在0.14~0.64 cm3 g−1,微孔比例在0~73.4%间调控。将制备的多孔炭作为超级电容器电极材料,在KOH体系中,其最大比容量可达328 F g−1,能量密度和功率密度分别达到26.0 Wh kg−1,1470.9 W kg−1。本研究为低成本、绿色化制备生物质基氮掺杂多孔炭提供了可以借鉴的思路。

     

    Abstract: The highly efficient synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbons with different pore structures is reported using shrimp shell as the carbon and nitrogen source, and its CaCO3 component as the hard template and activator. The CaCO3 content of shrimp shells can be easily changed by changing the leaching time to remove it. CaCO3 acts as the activator and template to tailor the pore sizes of the carbons. CO2 from the decomposition of CaCO3 also plays an activating role. Their specific surface areas, pore volumes, ratios of micropore volume to total pore volume can be adjusted in the ranges 117.6-1 137 m2 g−1, 0.14-0.64 cm3 g−1, and 0-73.4%, respectively. When used as the electrodes of a supercapacitor, the porous carbon obtained with a leaching time of 92 min has a high capacitance of 328 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 in a 6 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte and 619.2 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 in a 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 electrolyte. Its corresponding energy density at a power density of 1 470.9 W kg−1 is 26.0 Wh kg−1. This study provides a low cost method for fabricating porous carbons from biomass with a high added value.

     

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