基于富含木质素的生物质残渣制备超级电容器

The synthesis of porous carbons from a lignin-rich residue for high-performance supercapacitors

摘要: 设计基于廉价原材料且具有分级多孔结构的超级电容碳电极是储能领域的一项重大挑战。在这项工作中，我们利用玉米秸秆中的木质素为原料，通过高温碳化和后续活化的方式合成了具有高比表面积的3D多孔碳。所制备的活化碳在0.5 A g⁻¹的电流密度下质量比电容和面积比电容分别达到280 F g⁻¹、1.3 F cm⁻²。组装的对称式扣式超级电容器可以在5200 W kg⁻¹的功率密度下提供7.7 Wh kg⁻¹的能量密度。本研究表明将木质素废弃物用作超级电容器的原材料是一种可行的废弃资源再利用的方法，可以潜在提升木质素的附加值。

Abstract: Fabricating electrically conductive porous electrode for supercapacitors from abundant raw materials remains a significant challenge in the field of energy storage. 3D porous carbon with high surface areas was synthesized by high-temperature carbonization and activation of lignin from cornstalks. When used as electrode materials in supercapacitors they showed a specific capacitance of 280 F g⁻¹ and an area-specific capacitance of 1.3 F cm⁻² at a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹. An assembled symmetric supercapacitor showed a high energy density of 7.7 Wh kg⁻¹ at power density of 5 200 W kg⁻¹. It is demonstrated here that the use of lignin waste to fabricate electrode materials is feasible, affording lignin new value-added utilization.