基于废弃生物质原位合成蜂窝状镶嵌ZnS纳米点的N-S共掺杂炭纳米片的制备及其锂离子电池性能

The in situ formation of ZnS nanodots embedded in honeycomb-like N-S co-doped carbon nanosheets derived from waste biomass for use in lithium-ion batteries

摘要: 以ZnCl₂为硬模板和锌源，三聚氰胺和硫脲为氮源和硫源，废弃生物质橘子皮为碳源，通过高温烧结和后续蚀刻处理制备出硫化锌纳米点与三维N-S共掺杂炭纳米片的纳米复合材料（ZnS/NS-CN）。当应用于锂离子电池时，ZnS/NS-CN表现出较高的可逆容量（0.1 A g⁻¹下，循环300次后容量仍有853.5 mAh g⁻¹），优异的长期循环稳定性（5 A g⁻¹下，循环1000次后，容量保持率为70.1%）和优异的倍率性能。此外，在0.5~4 V下组装和测试的ZnS/NS-CN//LiNiCoMnO₂全电池表现出优异的电池性能（在0.2 C下循环150次后容量为140.4 mAh g⁻¹，能量密度为132.4 Wh kg⁻¹）。

Abstract: A nanocomposite of zinc sulfide nanodots imbedded in honeycomb-like N-S co-doped carbon nanosheets (ZnS/NS-CN) was synthesized from waste biomass orange peel using ZnCl₂ as the hard template and zinc source, and melamine and thiourea as the respective nitrogen and sulfur sources. When used as the anode material in Li-ion batteries, ZnS/NS-CN has a high reversible capacity (853.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 300 cycles), an excellent long-term cycling stability (70.1% capacity retention after 1 000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹) and an outstanding rate capability. Besides, a ZnS/NS-CN//LiNiCoMnO₂ full cell tested at 0.5-4 V has an excellent battery performance (140.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 C after 150 cycles with an energy density of 132.4 Wh kg⁻¹).