The use of carbon materials in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes: A review
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摘要: 炭材料凭借其拥有独特的纳米结构、优异的导电性、化学稳定性及吸附特性等在催化领域中显示出广阔的应用前景，有望成为新一代绿色非金属催化剂。近年来，国内外在各类炭材料应用于活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术中的研究发展极其迅速。不同的炭材料具有不同的结构特征和表面性质，其对过硫酸盐的活化机理和对污染物的转化机理也有所不同。到目前为止，各种方法已经被开发并应用于活化过硫酸盐，提高了研究者对各类新型炭材料催化机理的认识。本文对石墨烯、碳纳米管、炭纤维、多孔炭、炭凝胶、炭微球、炭纳米泡、碳量子点等各种新型炭材料作为非均相催化剂或催化剂载体在活化过硫酸盐高级氧化工艺中的理论和应用研究现状进行了总结，并围绕炭材料催化剂的制备方法及结构特性、炭材料催化剂在活化效率中的构效关系、自由基及非自由基产生途径以及在降解环境污染物中的应用效果等方面展开阐述。最后指出了目前炭材料在实际应用中面临稳定性差、环境风险和生产成本高等方面的挑战以及解决方法。Abstract: With their unique nanostructure, excellent conductivity, chemical stability and adsorption properties, carbon materials have a wide range of application possibilities in the field of catalysis, and are expected to become a new generation of green non-metallic catalysts. In recent years, worldwide research on the applications of various carbon materials in the advanced oxidation technology using activated persulfate (PS) has developed rapidly. Here, theoretical and applied research progress on graphene-based materials, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, porous carbons, carbon aerogels, carbon microspheres, carbon nanobubbles and carbon quantum dots as heterogeneous catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate are reviewed. The preparation methods and structural characteristics of the carbon catalysts, the relationship between their structure and activity in the activation of PS, the paths for the generation of free radicals and non-free radicals, and the uses of carbon materials in the degradation of pollutants by activated PS are summarized. Finally, the challenges of poor stability, environmental risks and high costs of carbon catalysts in practical applications and their solutions are pointed out, with the aim of providing references for the further applications of carbon materials in advanced oxidation technologies.
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