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摘要: 石墨烯是紧密堆积在二维蜂窝状晶格中一层扁平的碳原子单层,具有良好的光学性、导电性、力学性、低毒性、抗菌性、生物相容性和稳定性。氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯是石墨烯的衍生物,具备石墨烯类似的性质,石墨烯及其衍生物的研究进展十分迅速,在生物医药方向拥有较大的应用潜力。本文从石墨烯及其衍生物的毒性、抗菌性的角度出发,综述了石墨烯及其衍生物在治疗皮肤创伤、治疗肿瘤、促进骨骼肌和骨再生、载药、诊断疾病等方面的应用,并提出了目前所存在的问题和解决对策,展望了未来石墨烯基材料的研究发展前景。Abstract: Graphene (Gr) is a monolayer of carbon atoms in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, and has derivatives of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Gr is widely used in various fields for its good optics, conductivity, mechanical properties, low toxicity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and stability. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide have similar properties to Gr, and all three materials have advantages and disadvantages and are often not used alone but are composited with other materials to improve their properties for a particular application. From the perspectives of the toxicity and antibacterial properties of Gr and its derivatives, this paper reviews their uses in treating skin wounds and tumours, promoting the regeneration of skeletal muscle and bone, and facilitating drug loading and diagnosis. The problems associated with these applications are analyzed and solutions are suggested. Future research and development prospects for Gr-based materials are presented.
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Key words:
- Graphene /
- Antibacterial /
- Biomedicine /
- Biological dressing /
- Tumour treatment
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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the GO−PEG−PEI-based Cas9/sgRNA delivery system ( Reprinted with permission)[11].
Figure 2. Schematic illustrations for the preparation of 2D TRB-ZnO@Gr nanosheets (Reprinted with permission)[20].
Figure 3. Diagrammatic sketch of HA-DA/rGO hydrogel preparation: (a) preparation scheme of HA-DA polymer, (b) rGO@PDA and (c) scheme of HA-DA/rGO hydrogel and the original, bending, compressing, self-healing representation and the application in wound healing. Scale bar: 5 mm. (DA and PDA are abbreviated forms of dopamine and polydopamine, respectively) (Reprinted with permission)[50].
Figure 4. Schematic diagram describing different roles of graphene in cancer theranostics (Reprinted with permission)[93].
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