石墨晶体的热膨胀系数和热导率

ZHAO Lu; TANG Jiang; ZHOU Min; SHEN Ke

doi:10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60603-6

石墨晶体的热膨胀系数和热导率

doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60603-6

赵露^1,,
唐江^{2, 3},
周敏^{2, 3},
申克^{2, 3, ,}

1.
清华大学清华-伯克利深圳学院，广东深圳 518055
2.
湖南大学材料科学与工程学院，湖南长沙 410082
3.
湖南大学先进炭材料与应用技术湖南省重点实验室，湖南长沙 410082

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51872083）

详细信息

通讯作者:
申　克，教授. E-mail：shenk@hnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ127.1⁺1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-11
- 修回日期: 2022-01-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-03-04
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-01

A review of the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity of graphite

ZHAO Lu^1
,,
TANG Jiang^{2, 3},
ZHOU Min^{2, 3},
SHEN Ke^{2, 3
, ,}

1.
Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
2.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
3.
Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51872083)

More Information

Author Bio:
赵　露，博士研究生. E-mail：zhaolou17@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

Corresponding author: SHEN Ke, Professor. E-mail: shenk@hnu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 石墨平面内和平面间的原子间作用力具有显著差异，形成了各向异性的物理性质。其独特的热学性质使石墨材料在电子器件散热、核能等领域具有重要的应用。石墨热膨胀和导热性质一直以来是炭材料领域中的前沿科学问题，其理论和实验研究受到广泛关注。本文综述了石墨晶体热膨胀系数和热导率的研究进展及应用现状，首先介绍了石墨热膨胀系数的理论分析和实验结果，并探讨了热膨胀系数的影响因素；然后总结了石墨热导率的测量和理论计算结果，讨论了石墨中特殊的声子散射机制；最后总结了石墨在热管理领域的应用，并对该领域发展前景进行了展望。
- 石墨 /
- 热膨胀 /
- 热导率 /
- 热管理
Abstract: Graphite serves as a key material for heat dissipation in electronic devices and nuclear engineering due to its remarkable thermal properties. The thermal expansion and conductivity of graphite have always been major scientific parameters in the field of carbon materials. Therefore, theoretical and experimental research in this area has received extensive attention. Research progress on the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity of graphite crystals is reviewed. Theoretical and experiment results on the thermal expansion coefficient of graphite are first introduced, followed by a discussion of the methods for measuring graphite thermal conductivity and the special phonon scattering mechanism in graphite. Finally, the uses of graphite in thermal management are summarized, and the development prospects in this field are discussed.
- Graphite /
- Thermal expansion /
- Thermal conductivity /
- Thermal management

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FIG. 1537. FIG. 1537.

FIG. 1537..

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of graphite structure^[4]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 2. (a) In-plane thermal expansion coefficients of graphite at different temperatures^[10] and (b) Out-of-plane thermal expansion coefficient of graphite at different temperatures^[10]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 3. (a) Plots of α_a against temperature compared with experiment results from Steward^[15], (b) Plots of α_c against temperature compared with experiment results from Steward, Nelson and Riley, Yates and Harrison^[15]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 4. (a) In-plane thermal expansion coefficient of graphite as a function of temperature for graphite (solid line) and graphene from ab initio study. The experiment data for graphite are marked by filled circles and open diamonds^[16]. (b) Out-of-plane thermal expansion coefficient of graphite as a function of temperature for graphite (solid line) from ab initio study. The experiment data for graphite are marked by filled circles and open diamonds^[16]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 5. Comparison of the observed α_a values with the best linear fitting with temperature^[10]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 6. Specimen and holder for low-temperature attachment for in situ XRD measurement^[18]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 7. (a) Plot of the variation of the a-dimension with temperature^[18], (b) Plot of the variation of the coefficient of thermal of expansion perpendicular to the hexagonal axis with temperature: comparison with previous measurement^[18]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 10. Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of graphite: Thermal conductivity in TPRC handbook data^[23] (orange open squares) and previous reports by Taylor^[24] (olive open triangle) and Nihira et al.^[25] (blue open circles). Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 8. Temperature dependences of the CTEs in the (a) a- and (b) c-directions of CNW1, CNW2 and HOPG^[19]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 9. (a) Typical topography of the graphite surface during heating, and (b) successive out-of-plane height profiles of a graphite crystal heated from 25 °C to 225 °C, scanned along the line indicated in (a). (c) Comparison of measured and theoretical CTEs for single-crystal graphite^[20]. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 11. Thickness-dependent in-plane thermal conductivity of graphite at room temperature: (a) Thickness of several layers^[30–33] and (b) thickness within the range of several micrometers to bulk graphite^{[35, 36]}. Reprinted with permission.

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Figure 12. Room-temperature cross-plane phonon MFPs of graphite measured by Fu et al.^[49] and Zhang et al.^[50]. Reprinted with permission.

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Table 1. Various results for coefficients in α_a and α_c.

		A (J mol⁻¹)	B (J mol⁻¹)	C (deg⁻²)	L (J mol⁻¹)	M (J mol⁻¹)	N (deg⁻²)
1945	Riley	1.620 × 10⁻⁷	−1.013 × 10⁻⁷	0	−7.70 × 10⁻⁷	1.38 × 10⁻⁶	1.08 × 10⁻⁸
1972	Morgan	1.677 × 10⁻⁷	−1.036 × 10⁻⁷	−8.3 × 10⁻¹¹	−7.93 × 10⁻⁷	1.56 × 10⁻⁶	7.19 × 10⁻⁹
1964	Kellett and Richards	1.777 × 10⁻⁷	−1.065 × 10⁻⁷	0
2005	Tsang				−5.05 × 10⁻⁷	1.40 × 10⁻⁶	5.15 × 10⁻⁹

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