基于二维分子刷的超结构碳纳米网络的可控制备及其柔性超级电容器性能

Controllable fabrication of superhierarchical carbon nanonetworks from 2D molecular brushes and their use in electrodes of flexible supercapacitors

  • 摘要: 三维碳纳米网络(3D CNNs)具有连通的导电骨架和多孔结构,可以提供多级传输通道,因此在许多领域有广阔的应用前景。然而,网络单元的物理堆叠难以形成长程导电通路,且引入微孔和小尺寸中孔的造孔过程通常比较复杂和昂贵。在本研究中,以聚丙烯醛接枝的氧化石墨烯分子刷为构筑单元、四(4-氨基苯基)甲烷为交联剂,通过席夫碱凝胶化,制备了分子刷纳米网络(MBNN);随后通过炭化处理获得超结构碳纳米网络(SHCNN)。由于MBNN良好的成炭性和纳米结构继承性,SHCNN具有氮掺杂微-中-大孔结构、高比表面积和高导电性杂化碳骨架,因此拥有丰富的活性位点并展示了良好的传质/传荷能力。作为柔性超级电容器电极,SHCNN在1 A g−1的电流密度下,比电容为180 F g−1,在8 A g−1下经10000次循环后的电容保持率高达91.4%。

     

    Abstract: Three-dimensional carbon nanonetworks (3D CNNs) have interconnected conductive skeletons and accessible pore structures, which provide multi-level transport channels and thus have promising applications in many areas. However, the physical stacking of these network units to form long-range conductive paths is hard to accomplish, and the introduction of micropores and small mesopores is usually difficult. We report a simple yet efficient strategy to construct CNNs with a nitrogen-doped micro-meso-macroporous carbon nanonetwork using Schiff-base gelation followed by carbonization. Using a polyacrolein-grafted graphene oxide molecular brush as the building block and tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) methane as the crosslinking agent, the obtained molecular brush nanonetworks have a high carbon yield and largely retain the original morphology, leading to the formation of a 3D continuous nanonetwork after carbonization. The materials have a micro-meso-macroporous structure with a high surface area and a highly conductive N-doped carbon backbone. This unique structure has a large number of exposed active sites and excellent charge/mass transfer ability. When loaded on carbon cloth and used as the electrodes of a flexible supercapacitor, the CNN has a specific capacitance of 180 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a high capacitance retention of 91.4% after 10 000 cycles at 8 A g−1 .

     

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