我国氟化碳材料的基础研究现状及发展趋势

封伟

doi:10.1016/S1872-5805(23)60716-4

我国氟化碳材料的基础研究现状及发展趋势

doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(23)60716-4

封伟^{1, 2, ,}

1.
天津大学材料科学与工程学院，天津 300072
2.
氟化碳材料研究中心，天津大学滨海工业研究院，天津 300450

详细信息

通讯作者:
封　伟，教授. E-mail：weifeng@tju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ127.1⁺1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-11-01
- 修回日期: 2022-11-30
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-06

Status and development trends for fluorinated carbon in China

FENG wei^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, P. R China
2.
Fluorinated Carbon Materials Research Center, TJU Binhai Industrial Research Institute, Tianjin 300450, P. R China

More Information

Corresponding author: FENG Wei. E-mail: weifeng@tju.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 氟化碳（CF_x）是一种由碳质材料（如石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管等不同化学结构的炭材料）和氟化试剂在一定条件下发生氟化反应而形成的具有C―F键的碳衍生物，由于多样的碳骨架和可控的极性C―F键，使其具有化学稳定性、带隙可调性以及超疏水性等多种优异性能，是新型碳基材料研究热点之一。本文以氟化碳材料的结构和性质为基础，分别从化学能源、摩擦润滑和半导体等领域的应用综述了近年来我国氟化碳材料的基础研究现状和发展趋势。同时，还介绍了我国氟化碳材料的产业化进程，指出目前在民用领域受限的主要原因，提出了当前氟化碳在不同应用领域存在的问题和未来发展机遇，为氟化碳材料的进一步扩大生产和实际应用提供方向。
- 氟化碳 /
- 基础研究现状 /
- 发展趋势
Abstract: Fluorinated carbon (CF_x) are a class of carbon derivatives with C―F bonds formed by the fluorination of carbon materials, including graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. Because of their different carbon skeletons with polar C―F bonds, they have many excellent properties such as chemical stability, band gap adjustability and superhydrophobicity. Based on their structure and properties, we review the status and development trends of CF_x for use in chemical energy, lubrication and semiconductors in recent years in China. We discuss the industrialization of CF_x in China and the main reasons for their limited use in civil fields, as well as the problems and future development opportunities of CF_x, which suggests some practical applications.
- Fluorinated carbon /
- Status of basic research /
- Development trend

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FIG. 2066. FIG. 2066.

FIG. 2066.. FIG. 2066.

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图 1 全球氟化碳材料（a）发表文章和（b）授权专利分布情况统计图（截止2022年10月27日）

Figure 1. Global statistics on the distribution of (a) papers and (b) authorized patents of fluorinated carbon materials (up till October 27,2022)

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图 2 不同种类C-F键示意图^[3]

Figure 2. Schematics of different types C-F bond^[3]. Reprinted with permission

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图 3 氟化煅烧澳洲坚果壳放电曲线^[24]

Figure 3. Discharge curve of fluorinated calcinated macadamia nut shell^[24]. Reprinted with permission

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图 4 氟化碳改性后的恒电流放电曲线^[33]

Figure 4. Galvanostatic discharge curves of modified CF_x^[33]. Reprinted with permission

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图 5 氟化碳和二氧化锰复合正极的分布及对应性能对比^[36]

Figure 5. Distribution and corresponding performance comparison of carbon fluoride and manganese dioxide composite cathodes^[36]. Reprinted with permission

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图 6 氟化石墨烯和金属锂熔融静置后在金属锂表面形成氟化石墨烯层，由于自放电反应得到氟化锂层，作为人工固体电解质相界面（SEI），优化循环性能^[40]

Figure 6. Fluorinated graphene and lithium metal form a fluorinated graphene layer on the surface of lithium metal after melting and standing, and a lithium fluoride layer is obtained by self-discharge reaction, which is used as an artificial SEI to optimize cycling performance^[40]. Reprinted with permission

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图 7 氟化石墨烯作为油基润滑剂添加剂的优良摩擦学性能^[10]

Figure 7. Excellent tribological properties of fluorinated graphene as an oil-based lubricant additive^[10]. Reprinted with permission

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图 8 FG上sp³和sp²畴的示意图和G/FG异质结光电探测器^[44]

Figure 8. Schematic of sp³ and sp² domains on FG and G/FG heterojunction photodetector schematic^[44]. Reprinted with permission

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表 1 氟化碳材料的主要性能指标

Table 1. Main performance indexes of CF_x

Properties	CF_x	Ref.
Band gap (eV)	0-3.8 (fluorographene)	[8]
Contact angle (°)	168 (CF_x nanoparticles)	[9]
Friction coefficient	0.08 (fluorographene)	[10]
Young's modulus (N m⁻¹)	100 ± 30 (fluorographene）	[11]
Thermal conductivity (W m⁻¹ K⁻¹)	14.1 (fluorinated carbon nanofibers)	[12]

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表 2 氟化碳材料在各领域的突出成果

Table 2. Outstanding achievements of CF_x in various fields

Field	Type of CF_x	F/C	Performance level	Comparison to international peers
Chemical energy	Fluorinated calcined Australian nut shell^[24]	1.17	Energy density is 2585.43 Wh kg⁻¹	Energy density is 2398 Wh kg^−1[55]
Chemical energy	CF_x nanoribbons^[23]	1.21	Energy density is 2738.45 Wh kg⁻¹	Energy density is 2398 Wh kg^−1[55]
Friction lubrication	CF_x^[10]	~1.0	Friction coefficient is 0.09	After 60000 friction cycles, the friction coefficient is 0.05^[56]
Friction lubrication	Polyethyleneimine grafted fluorographene^[42]	~1.0	Friction coefficient is 0.09
Semiconductor	Fluorographene^[46]	0.54	Band gap can be expanded to 2.94 eV	Band gap can be expanded to 2.93 eV^[57]
Dielectric properties	Fluorographene film^[51]	1.09	Dielectric constant 1.30, dielectric loss 0.027	Dielectric constant 1.30^[58]

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