纤维状石墨晶体材料：石墨晶须、石墨晶锥和石墨多面体晶体

A review of fibrous graphite materials: graphite whiskers, columnar carbons with a cone-shaped top, and needle- and rods-like polyhedral crystals

摘要: 纤维状石墨晶体材料因其独特的外观结构、高度的石墨微晶规整性、极高的机械性能和导电性能、复杂的生长机理、丰富多样的制备方法和潜在的应用前景而极具吸引力。然而，与气相生长炭纤维（VGCFs）和碳纳米管（CNTs）不同的石墨晶须、石墨晶锥和石墨多面体晶体（GPCs）尚未得到广泛研究和总结。本文综述了石墨晶须、石墨晶锥和石墨多面体晶体的不同制备方法、特殊的拉曼光谱以及在机理方面的最新研究成果，还对其未来应用领域进行了预测。关于它们自身的性质，如光学、电学、磁学等，还需要系统和深入地研究。这些具有新颖独特外观结构的炭材料有望成为继碳纳米管之后的一种新型潜在的功能性石墨晶体材料。

Abstract: Fibrous graphite materials are highly attractive due to their unique morphologies, high degree of orientation of their graphite microcrystallites, extremely good mechanical and conductive properties, fascinating growth mechanisms, diverse preparation methods and potential applications. This review summarizes the preparation methods, Raman spectra and the growth mechanisms of graphite whiskers, columnar carbons with cone-shaped top cones, and needle- and rod-like polyhedral crystals, and their optical, electrical and magnetic properties and applications are outlined.