催化法制备中间相沥青的研究进展

A review of the catalytic preparation of mesophase pitch

  • 摘要: 中间相沥青具有高的纯度和优异的取向性,是高性能炭材料的优质前驱体。然而,高性能中间相沥青的制备仍面临着巨大挑战。低温催化缩聚方法更有利于合成中间相沥青,避免了热缩聚方法产生高温自由基反应的影响。此外,该反应条件温和且易于控制,可以显著提高中间相沥青的产率,容易将环烷基特性引入分子中,因此,催化缩聚是合成高可纺丝性中间相沥青的最佳制备方法。本文对制备不同中间相沥青的原料预处理方法进行了概要,并阐述了近年来不同催化体系的反应机理和相关研究进展。最后,总结并展望了如何利用催化剂-促进剂体系制备高质量的中间相沥青,有望为今后高质量沥青分子的设计提供独特的理念和可靠的理论指导。

     

    Abstract: Because of its high purity and excellent orientation, mesophase pitch is a superior precursor for high-performance carbon materials. However, the preparation of top-notch mesophase pitch faces challenges. Catalytic polycondensation at low temperatures is more favorable for synthesizing mesophase pitch, because it circumvents the high-temperature free radical reaction of other thermal polycondensation approaches. The reaction is gentle and can be easily controlled. It has the potential to significantly improve the yield of mesophase pitch and easily introduce naphthenic characteristics into the molecules, catalytic polycondensation is therefore a preferred method of synthesizing highly spinnable mesophase pitch. This review provides a synopsis of the selective pretreatment of the raw materials to prepare different mesophase pitches, and explains the reaction mechanism and associated research advances for different catalytic systems in recent years. Finally, how to manufacture high-quality mesophase pitch by using a catalyst-promoter system is summarized and proposed, which may provide a theoretical basis for the future design of high-quality pitch molecules.

     

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