低阶煤基炭材料研究进展

A review of low-rank coal-based carbon materials

  • 摘要: 低阶煤因其储量丰富、富含多环芳烃有机物、含碳量高、成本低等特点,被认为是炭材料的优质前驱体。然而,由于不同低阶煤的灰分、微观结构、界面的差异,导致了煤基炭材料结构、性能难以有效调控的问题。近年来,研究人员提出了低阶煤基炭材料微观结构、表界面调控的有效方法。本文重点总结了低阶煤制备吸附活性炭、电容炭、硬炭、石墨和纳米炭材料的差异化策略,进一步讨论了煤种和工艺对煤基炭材料的微观结构、界面特性和官能团种类等的影响。同时介绍了煤基炭材料在吸附、超级电容器和碱金属电池中的应用。最后,展望了低级煤基炭材料未来研究的方向和挑战。

     

    Abstract: Low-rank coals are highly regarded as valuable precursors for carbon materials because of their ample reserves, high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, substantial carbon content and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, challenges in precisely manipulating the structure and characteristics of carbon materials derived from low-rank coals stem from the differences in ash content, microstructure, and interfaces across various low-rank coal sources. Recent research has provided strategies for governing the microstructure and surface attributes of carbon materials derived from low-rank coals. This review provides an overview of strategies for the preparation of adsorption active carbon, capacitive carbon, hard carbon, graphite and nano-carbon materials from low-rank coals. It also examines the influence of coal type and processing techniques on the microstructure, interface properties and functional group in them. The applications of coal-derived carbon materials in adsorption, supercapacitors, and alkali metal batteries are explored, and potential avenues for future research and its challenges are considered.

     

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