Abstract: One-dimensional MoS₂/carbon nanofibers (MoS₂/CNFs) were synthesized by electrospinning using exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets and polyacrylonitrile as the precursors. The exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets about 150 nm across were encapsulated in carbon, and the free-standing MoS₂/CNF film was easily cut into a flexible tablet that could be directly used as a binder-free anode for lithium storage. The MoS₂/CNFs showed a high reversible capacity of 700 mAh g^-1 at 100 mA g^-1 after 50 cycles, a high rate capacity of 450 mAh g^-1 at 1000 mA g^-1 after 200 cycles and good cycling stability.