金属锂电池中碳基梯度亲锂和导电复合锂负极的研究进展

Advances in carbon-based composite anodes with gradients of lithiophilicity and conductivity used for stable lithium metal batteries

  • 摘要: 金属锂是下一代高能量密度二次电池的理想负极材料。然而,循环期间不均匀的锂沉积/脱出过程和大体积形变,严重阻碍了金属锂负极的实用化。为了解决上述问题,引入三维骨架形成复合锂负极是一种有前景的策略,可以促进均匀的锂沉积/脱出并缓解负极体积形变。梯度复合锂负极可以引导锂自底向上沉积,从而最大限度地发挥复合锂负极的优势。由于碳骨架具有结构可调节性强、(电)化学稳定和重量轻等特点,碳基梯度复合锂负极受到了广泛关注。本文总结了碳基梯度复合锂负极的最新进展,将其分为梯度亲锂骨架、梯度导电骨架和双梯度骨架,讨论了各类梯度骨架的特点和研究进展。同时,对梯度复合锂负极的发展进行了展望,以望推动复合锂负极在高能量密度电池中的应用。

     

    Abstract: To address the issues of non-uniform Li plating/stripping and the large volume fluctuations during their repeated cycling, Li metal anodes, a composite Li anode with a three-dimensional (3D) host has been proposed as a promising strategy to improve the uniformity of Li plating/stripping and relieve volume fluctuations. One key strategy in this area is to develop 3D carbon hosts with gradients of lithiophilicity and conductivity to guide Li deposition from bottom to top, thus maximizing the positive effect of this composite Li anode. Such anodes have recently received significant attention due to the flexibility, adjustability, (electro)chemical stability and light weight of the carbon hosts. This review summarizes recent advances in these anodes, categorizing them into those that have hosts with a lithiophilicity gradient, hosts with a conductivity gradient, and those that have both. Latest research findings are discussed and these different anode categories are reviewed. Prospects for the design of such anodes to promote the use of Li metal anodes in high-energy-density rechargeable batteries are presented.

     

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