Abstract: One-dimensional carbon nanometer heterojunctions (1D-CNHJs) have attracted tremendous interest owing to their distinctive microstructures, properties and potential applications in nanometer devices. The progress for various synthesizing methods for 1D-CNHJs, such as vapor-phase, solution-phase, template-based, electric-field induction, spark plasma sintering, electron beam irradiation, mechanical manipulation, and chemical interconnection, were reviewed. It is considered that future research for 1D-CNHJs should be focused on large-scale production, controllable synthesis, interfacial microstructure control, properties and device building.