电弧放电法制备煤基炭纳米纤维及开口竹节状碳纳米管

Fabrication of carbon nanofibres and bambooshaped carbon nanotubes with open ends from anthracite coal by arc discharge

摘要: 以中国白杨树无烟煤为原料，添加一定量煤焦油和沥青黏结剂制成炭棒作为阳极，采用直流电弧法制备竹节状碳纳米管及炭纳米纤维。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术对产物进行表征。结果表明：在较低氦气压力下（0.020MPa），采用不添加任何催化剂的无烟煤基炭棒进行电弧放电，在剩余阳极上制备得到竹节状碳纳米管和炭纳米纤维。所得竹节状碳纳米管多为开口状，直径在50nm左右;炭纳米纤维宏观上成绒毛球形，纤维的直径在30nm ~50nm之间。

Abstract: Bamboolike carbon nanotube (BCNTs) with open ends, and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared from a coalbased carbon rod by a DC arc discharge. The coalbased carbon rod was made by carbonizing Chinese Bai-Yang-Shu anthracite with coal tar and pitch as binder . The BCNTs and CNFs were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Xray diffraction. It is found that BCNTs and CNFs grow as a deposit on the anode at a low helium pressure of 0.020MPa with the coalbased carbon rod as anode. Most of the BCNTs have an open end and a diameter of 50nm. CNFs with a diameter of 30-50nm form fluffy balls on the surface of the remaining anode.