HClO<sub>4</sub>-CrO<sub>3</sub>-石墨层间化合物的制备及其性能

HClO₄-CrO₃-石墨层间化合物的制备及其性能

摘要: 以天然鳞片石墨、CrO₃、HClO₄为原料，采用化学氧化法制备石墨层间化合物(GIC)；研究了反应物用量、反应时间、反应温度对石墨层间化合物膨胀容积的影响。结果表明：按石墨∶三氧化铬∶高氯酸（质量比）=1∶0.3∶5，反应温度30℃，反应时间60min的条件，可制得膨胀容积为555mL · g^-1的石墨层间化合物。采用FTIR、XRD、TG等技术对石墨层间化合物的组成、结构进行表征和分析得知：石墨层间的插入物为ClO₄^-、Cr₂O₇^2-。GIC性能特点测试结果说明：所制GIC具有低能耗性能、良好的真空安定性、较好的8毫米波动态衰减效果。

Abstract: A graphite intercalation compound (GIC) was prepared by the chemical oxidation method using natural graphite flakes, CrO₃ and HClO₄ as raw materials. The composition and structure of the GIC were characterized and analyzed by FTIR, XRD, TG and the effects of amount of the reactants, reaction temperature and time on the expansion volume of the GIC were investigated. Results showed that the intercalates were ClO₄^-、Cr₂O₇^2- and the biggest expansion volume of 555mL · g^-1 was achieved with a weight ratio of natural graphite flakes∶CrO₃∶HClO₄ being 1∶0. 3∶5, a reaction temperature of 30℃ and reaction time of 60min. The GIC had an excellent vacuum stability and 8mm wave attenuation ability.