高性能超级电容器用高比表面积、层次孔结构炭材料的简便制备

The simple preparation of a hierarchical porous carbon with high surface area for high performance supercapacitors

摘要: 采用NaOH一步炭化-活化聚偏二氯乙烯（PVDC）简便制备出高比表面积、层次孔结构炭材料。该炭材料具有发达的微孔-中孔-大孔的层次孔结构，其比表面达到2 815 m2 · g-1。独特的微结构使其在无机和有机电解液中都表现出高的比电容和优异的大电流性能。其在6 mol · L-1 KOH 电解液中以0.05A · g-1电流充放电测得的比电容高达376F · g-1，电流密度增大到 50A · g-1比电容还保持215F · g-1。在有机电解液1mol · L-1 Et4NBF4/AN中的比电容也达到170F · g-1（电流密度0.05A · g-1），电流密度增大到20A · g-1比容量还保持124F · g-1。

Abstract: A simple method was proposed to prepare a high surface area and hierarchical porous carbon for supercapacitors by one step carbonization-activation of poly(vinylidene chloride) with NaOH. The porous carbon has hierarchical micropores, mesopores and macropores with a high surface area of 2815m2 · g-1. Its capacitance reaches 376 and 215F · g-1at current densities of 0.05 and 50A · g-1 respectively in 6 mol · L-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte. The capacitance is 170 and 124F · g-1 at 0.05 and 20A · g-1, respectively in 1 mol · L-1 Et4NBF4/AN non-aqueous electrolyte. The high capacitance and its high retention ratios at high current density in both electrolytes could be ascribed to its hierarchically porous structure and high surface area.