Abstract: The development of communication technology has had great benefits but the detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation have also become important. There has therefore been growing research on electromagnetic shielding materials that have a wide shielding range, high absorption efficiency and stability. Graphene, a lightweight material with an exceptional electrical conductivity and a large specific surface area, has remarkable potential in this application. We first elucidate the fundamental principles of electromagnetic shielding and the structural characteristics of graphene-based materials while highlighting their unique electromagnetic shielding properties. We also provide an overview of common strategies for changing graphene-based materials including structural modification, heteroatom doping, and their incorporation in composite materials to improve this property. Structural modification can increase the losses of electromagnetic waves by absorption and multiple reflection, and heteroatom doping and incorporation in composite materials can increase the losses by interface polarization and magnetic effects. We also summarize various ways of modifying the materials so that they are lightweight and have a high shielding bandwidth.