Rapid and green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from starch for white light-emitting diodes

A simple and green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) was achieved by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method using potato starch as the carbon source. CDs with a maximum quantum yield of 2.46% were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a 1 mg/mL starch solution at 220℃ for 30 min. Nitrogen doped CDs (N-CDs) were obtained under the same conditions using starch and ethylenediamine as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and their quantum yield was twice that of the undoped CDs. Both the CDs and N-CDs exhibit excellent water solubility and good thermal stability, emit blue fluorescence under UV light, but the fluorescent intensity of the latter is obviously higher than that of the former. Two white light-emitting diodes using the CD/starch composite and N-CDs as the phosphors emit yellowish white light and white light, respectively with xy coordinates of (0.38, 0.45) and (0.33, 0.35) in the Chromaticity Diagram of the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage, suggesting that they have great potential application in optoelectronic devices.