NIU Hui-zhu, WANG Hai-hua, SUN Li-yu, YANG Chen-rong, WANG Yu, CAO Rui, YANG Cun-guo, WANG Jie, SHU Ke-wei. N, S co-doped coal-based hard carbon prepared by two-step carbonization and a molten salt template method for sodium storage[J]. New Carbon Mater., 2024, 39(2): 297-307. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60842-5
Citation: NIU Hui-zhu, WANG Hai-hua, SUN Li-yu, YANG Chen-rong, WANG Yu, CAO Rui, YANG Cun-guo, WANG Jie, SHU Ke-wei. N, S co-doped coal-based hard carbon prepared by two-step carbonization and a molten salt template method for sodium storage[J]. New Carbon Mater., 2024, 39(2): 297-307. DOI: 10.1016/S1872-5805(24)60842-5

N, S co-doped coal-based hard carbon prepared by two-step carbonization and a molten salt template method for sodium storage

  • Hard carbon, known for its abundant resources, stable structure and high safety, has emerged as the most popular anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Among various sources, coal-derived hard carbon has attracted extensive attention. In this work, N and S co-doped coal-based carbon material (NSPC1200) was synthesized through a combination of two-step carbonization process and heteroatom doping using long-flame coal as a carbon source, thiourea as a nitrogen and sulfur source, and NaCl as a template. The two-step carbonization process played a crucial role in adjusting the structure of carbon microcrystals and expanding the interlayer spacing. The N and S co-doping regulated the electronic structure of carbon materials, endowing more active sites. Additionally, the introduction of NaCl as a template contributed to the construction of pore structure, which facilitates better contact between electrodes and electrolytes, enabling more efficient transport of Na+ and electrons. Under the synergistic effect, NSPC1200 exhibited exceptional sodium storage capacity, reaching 314.2 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1. Furthermore, NSPC1200 demonstrated commendable cycling stability, maintaining a capacity of 224.4 mAh g−1 even after 200 cycles. This work successfully achieves the strategic tuning of the microstructure of coal-based carbon materials, ultimately obtaining hard carbon anode with excellent electrochemical performance.
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