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Graphical Abstract
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Abstract
A multipleelasticshell model is presented for wave propagation estimation along an individual MWCNT. The analysis shows that when the frequency is lower than the critical frequencies of the shells in MWCNT, the vibration mode is almost coaxial. However, when the frequency is higher than at least one of the critical frequencies, noncoaxial vibration modes emerge and these vibrations propagate at various speeds significantly higher or lower than the speed predicted by the singleelasticshell model. Hence, tetrahertz waves in MWCNTs are essentially noncoaxial with complex phenomena. Tetrahertz waves in MWCNTs propagate at various speeds, which depend not only on the frequency, but also on the noncoaxial vibration mode.
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