Graphene-based macroform: preparation, properties and applications

The graphene-based macroform (GM) is a new category of macroscopic carbon materials assembled from graphene nanosheets. It possesses superior physical and chemical properties inherited from individual graphene nanosheets, and moreover, has a tunable micro-texture and controlled macro-morphology, which is useful in various areas. In this paper, different macroscopic forms and preparation methods of GM are reviewed, where the self-assembly method is highlighted. The physical and chemical properties of GM are briefly introduced, and the potential applications including energy storage and conversion, catalysis, bio-medicine and other aspects are discussed in detail. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of research and applications of GM are commented on, and it is concluded that the assembly of graphenes into fibers, films and blocks is an effective strategy towards their practical applications.