2004 Vol. 19, No. 03

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“纳米”—碳质材料研究的新视角——Carbon2004参会有感
YANG Quan-hong
2004, 19(03): 161-165.
Abstract(1775) PDF(1789)
Abstract:
Over 400 researchers from 31 countries attended Carbon 2004, an international Carbon conference, held in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, from July 11-16, 2004. About 494 presentations (287 oral, 207 posters) at this conference covered the following 13 areas: Adsorption and gas storage, Biological and medical application, Carbon nanomaterials, Chars/cokes and industrial applications, Electronic/Electrochemical properties and applications, Flame formed carbons, Materials characterization/techniques, Membranes/pyrocarbons and diamond films, Novel forms and chemically modified carbons, Porous carbons/activations, Precursor chemistry/carbonization and graphitization, Reactivity/catalysis and surface science, Structural carbons/fibers and composites. Carbon nanomaterials and nanostructure were highlighted at this conference, 12 of all 48 oral sessions and 112 of all 494 papers being on this topic. A pre-conference workshop, A Colloquium on Carbon Nanoforms, and three of the four plenary lectures reported the latest -development and showed us the current trends in research on Carbon nanomaterials. At this conference, the idea was emphasized that the “nano” concept now not only represents some kinds of materials and structure, but also, much more important, brings us a new insight to carbon materials, novel or conventional. Carbon scientists firmly believe that they are trying to create the “golden age” of Carbon materials.
单壁碳纳米管无纺膜的抗凝血性能研究及其对血液系统中植入性假体的意义
MENG Jie, SONG Li, KONG Hua, WANG Chao-ying, GUO Xiao-tian, XU Hai-yan, XIE Si-shen
2004, 19(03): 166-171.
Abstract(3408) PDF(1774)
Abstract:
The anticoagulation property of a SWNT membrane is investigated in blood-contacting environments. The adsorption behaviors of fibrinogen, albumin and fresh plasma on SWNT membrane were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The platelet adhesion and activation induced by the SWNT membrane were evaluated through SEM observations and fluorescent labeled flow cytometric analysis. Results indicated that the SWNT membrane showed a clear adsorption preference of fibrinogen over albumin. However, there was no appreciable platelet adhesion and activation occurred consequently on a SWNT membrane surface pre-absorbed with fresh plasma, and the percentage of activated platelets caused by a SWNT membrane in a platelet-rich-plasma was about 5%. The conclusion is that the SWNT membrane has unique platelet inertness in blood environments and this anticoagulant effect permits potential use in artificial organs, prostheses and tissue engineering in the cardiac-vascular systems.
炭黑填充Lyocell纤维的制备及其用于炭纤维原丝的研究初探
ZHANG Hui-hui, GUO Li-wei, SHAO Hui-li, HU Xue-chao
2004, 19(03): 172-178.
Abstract(3855) PDF(2104)
Abstract:
Lyocell fibers filled with various amounts of carbon black were prepared and used as the precursors of carbon fibers to increase the yield and the mechanical properties of Lyocell-based carbon fibers. The structure and properties of these samples were investigated by WAXD, TGA, SEM and tensile strength. The WAXD results showed that carbon black filled Lyocell fibers still had a cellulose II crystal structure and retained the characteristic peak of carbon black at the same time. Moreover, the heat stabilities of these fibers had no obvious change from TGA curves. The carbon yields of Lyocell fibers filled with 10% and 30% carbon black at 1000℃ were increased by 4.4% and 17.1%, respectively. The SEM results showed that the surface and the cross-section of carbon black filled Lyocell fiber was smooth and round, consistent with the requirements of a carbon fiber precursor. WAXD patterns of the carbon fibers showed that the structure of carbon black filled Lyocell-based carbon fibers was different from that of general Lyocell-based carbon fibers. The tenacity and modulus of 10% carbon black filled Lyocell-based carbon fiber were increased by 22% and 42%, respectively. At present, a carbon fiber with a tenacity of 0.8GPa and modulus of 70GPa has been obtained on a large-scale.
载体预处理对蜂窝状V2O5/ACH低温脱硫脱硝活性的影响
WANG Yan-li, LIU Zhen-yu, HUANG Zhang-gen, LIU Qing-ya
2004, 19(03): 179-185.
Abstract(2749) PDF(1769)
Abstract:
V2O5/activated carbon honeycomb (ACH) catalysts were prepared by impregnation of pretreated ACH with an aqueous solution of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in oxalic acid. The effect of steam activation of ACH on simultaneous SO2 and NO removal over V2O5/ACH was studied. Results indicate that the catalyst has high SO2 and NO removal activities at 200℃ and the steam activation has little effect on the activities. For the 2% V2O5/ACH catalyst, steam activation at 850℃ shows good SO2 removal activity. The steam concentration, ranging from 28% to 80%, shows only a small effect on the catalyst's activity. Regeneration of the used catalyst in NH3 significantly improves the NO removal activity and increases the SO2 removal activity. Under the conditions used, the optimum pretreatment results in a 2% V2O5/ACH catalyst with SO2 capacity of 4.9% and NO conversion of 93% while SO2 conversion decreases to 80%.
煤沥青微球和石油沥青微球的制备及其氧化稳定化研究（英）
LU Chun-xiang, LING Li-cheng, WU Gang-ping, LIU Qing-feng, LI Yong-hong, LI Kai-xi
2004, 19(03): 186-191.
Abstract(2531) PDF(1615)
Abstract:
Oxidation-stabilized pitch spheres were prepared from pitch spheres, which were obtained by emulsifying spheroidizing mixtures of aromatic additive, such as naphthalene, and high soft-point pitch from coal and petroleum. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis were employed to investigate the stabilization behavior of pitch spheres in air in relation to the type of pitch, ratios of aromatic additive to high soft-point pitch, and structures of pitch spheres. It is found that an aromatic additive can greatly reduce the softening point of pitch and promote stabilization. Petroleum pitch based spheres are more liable to oxidation compared to coal tar pitch based ones. The oxidized surface of pitch spheres acts as a diffusion barrier that inhibits the oxidation stabilization, which is alleviated by increasing the amount of aromatic additive.
乙炔黑掺杂NiOx电极及其应用
SU Yue-feng, WU Feng, BAO Li-ying
2004, 19(03): 192-196.
Abstract(2465) PDF(1823)
Abstract:
Abstract: By doping NiOx with acetylene black (AB), the micro-structure of the composite NiOx electrode is changed and the amount of the ion channels and electron channels in the electrode is increased. As a result, the electron conduction of the NiOx is enhanced and the efficiency of the activated material's utilization is improved. Moreover, the capacitance characteristic of the composite NiOx is better. In a C/NiOx asymmetric hybrid capacitor system, the high rate capacitance of the NiOx electrode doped with 10% AB is 2.5 times as much as that of the undoped electrode. In the working voltage range, the energy density of the C/NiOx asymmetric hybrid capacitor is 1.5 times as much as that of a C/C electric double-layer capacitor.
活性碳纳米管的制备及其结构的研究（英）
LIU Yun-fang, SHEN Zeng-min, Kiyoshi Yokogawa, MA Bao-hai, YU Jian-min
2004, 19(03): 197-203.
Abstract(3117) PDF(1749)
Abstract:
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) prepared by catalytical pyrolysis were activated by KOH to increase the specific surface area (SSA) and to modify the pore structures. The effects of the activation temperature and KOH/CNT ratio on the yields, SSA, crystal structure, microstructures and porous structures of CNTs were investigated by an adsorption method, XRD, TEM and HRTEM. Results showed that activation could effectively increase SSA and modify the pore structures of the CNTs. With an increase in activation temperature, SSA and the pore volume increased, while the yield decreased. Through activation, the inner hollow tubes of CNTs were released, and a large quantity of micropores and mesopores was created. With the increase of the KOH/CNT ratio, SSA and micropore volume increased to a maximum at a KOH/CNT ratio of 7∶1, while the yield decreased monotonically. The optimum activation condition to produce activated CNTs with high SSA was found at an activation temperature of 900℃ and a KOH/CNT ratio of 7∶1. SSA of CNTs activated at the optimal condition is 360.1m2/g, which is 14 times larger than that of the non-activated CNTs (24.5m2/g).
化学法制备含锆沥青中锆的形态解析
SHI Jing-li, LIU Lang
2004, 19(03): 204-208.
Abstract(1827) PDF(760)
Abstract:
Abstract: The state of zirconium was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and backscattered electrons. It is found that zirconium in zirconium-containing pitch prepared by a reaction doping method exists in the form of zirconium oxide. The reaction in the preparation of zirconium-containing pitch includes hydrolyzation of zirconium chloride and decomposition of zirconyl chloride. Because of the hydrolyzation and the evolution of hydrochloric gas, the zirconium oxide formed during the preparation could not bind together, leading to the formation of finely distributed zirconium-containing pitch with the granularity of zirconium oxide on a micrometer scale. The granularity of zirconium oxide produced by the reaction doping method is much finer than obtained by a powder doping method.
纳米金属微粒催化制备的洋葱状富勒烯的结构表征
WANG Xiao-min, XU Bing-she, LIU Xu-guang, Hideki Ichinose
2004, 19(03): 209-213.
Abstract(2548) PDF(1557)
Abstract:
Onion-like Fullerenes (OFs) were synthesized by an arc-discharge technique, with different metal nanoparticles as catalysts. The microstructure of the products was characterized and analysed by XRD, SEM, HRTEM and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that two kinds of OFs can be prepared in the presence of metal nanoparticle catalysts: 1) individual OFs and 2) OFs encapsulating metal nanoparticles. The structure of OFs with a high degree of graphitization were shown to be similar to graphite. The diameters of OFs were unevenly distributed because of the effect of the size of the metal nanoparticles, which caused Raman spectra showing a frequency shift. A vapour-liquid-solid growth model was used to explain some experimental phenomena during OF formation.
多壁碳纳米管填充丁苯橡胶复合材料的研究
CHEN Xiao-hong, SONG Huai-he
2004, 19(03): 214-218.
Abstract(3162) PDF(2849)
Abstract:
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical properties which make them prime candidates for application in high performance composite materials. Modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were achieved by refluxing the tubes in a HNO3 (67%) solution, blending them with SBR rubber and compatibilizers, and then processing in an open-mixer. The effects of different content of MWNTs on the performance and micro-structure of the SBR composites were investigated and compared with that of carbon black (N330) filled composites. Results show that the tensile strength of MWNT/SBR composites increases with increasing the MWNT content. The Shore hardness (58), tear strength (25.9kN/m), and abrasion (0.22mL/1.61km) of the MWNT/SBR composite are better than those of carbon black (N330)/SBR composites, which points to promising applications for tires with low rolling hysteresis and decreased fatigue loss.
短切纤维炭/炭复合材料磁电阻特性研究
DENG Hai-jin, LI Ming, SUN Li, LI Dong-sheng
2004, 19(03): 219-223.
Abstract(3991) PDF(1933)
Abstract:
The magnetoresistance (MR) characteristic of C/C composites fabricated with in the preform with short carbon fibers and treated at different heat treatment temperatures (HTT), were investigated. Results show that the shape of the MR-orientation curves of C/C composites depends on the fiber texture of the preform. The temperature from which the MR of C/C composites changes to zero is related to the graphitization behavior of the C/C composites. With an increase in the degree of graphitization, the MR of the composites increases and the temperature when the MR changes to zero also increases. The slope (k) of the regressing equation of the curve of MR versus temperature decreases with an increase of HTT, and the shape of the k-HTT curve is similar to that of the d002-HTT curve.
聚醚砜酮薄膜热稳定性及热解动力学规律的研究
LIU Shi-li, WANG Tong-hua, ZHANG Bing
2004, 19(03): 224-228.
Abstract(2369) PDF(1842)
Abstract:
Abstract: The pyrolysis of a poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) film in N2 atmosphere was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Results show that the thermal stability of the PPESK film is very high. The thermal degradation of PPESK film is very violent in the temperature range 400～600℃ which is a crucial temperature zone for pyrolytic carbonization. The reaction is first order. The dynamic data analyzed using the Kissinger peak maximum technique give an apparent global activation energy, E of 211.35kJ/mol. When the isoconversion procedure developed by Ozawa is used, E is increased from 152.31kJ/mol to 274.43kJ/mol with an increase of the conversion from 10% to 30% and the frequency factor LnA is increased from 21.98 to 38.75min-1.
炭与TiO2光催化剂的复合及协同作用研究进展
HUANG Zheng-hong, XU De-ping, KANG Fei-yu, HAO Ji-ming
2004, 19(03): 229-238.
Abstract(3061) PDF(2089)
Abstract:
The preparation methods of carbon/TiO2 composite photocatalysts are reviewed. It is pointed out that composites exhibit a diversity of characteristics: carbon is not only used as a support but a coating, pore-forming agent and assisting additive. Correspondingly, carbon in the composite has the effect of concentrating the targeted pollutant and capturing intermediate products, besides which it can reduce the competitive action of water vapor with other pollutants on TiO2, which is favorable to photodegradation. In addition, it has an advantage of suppressing the phase transformation from anatase to rutile and of preventing sintering and crystal growth in TiO2 particles at high temperatures. Therefore, it has a beneficial effect on the practical application of photocatalysis technology for carbon/TiO2 composite photocatalysts.
苏君明高工和他的研究活动
CUI hong, XIAO zhi-chao
2004, 19(03): 239-240.
Abstract(1408) PDF(1496)
Abstract:

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