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2022年  第37卷  第1期

2022年1期序
2022, 37(1): 1-2.
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2022年1期中文目次
2022, 37(1): 1-1.
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2022年1期英文目次
2022, 37(1): 1-5.
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综合评述
Advances in carbon materials for stable lithium metal batteries
JIN Cheng-bin, SHI Peng, ZHANG Xue-qiang, HUANG Jia-qi
2022, 37(1): 1-24. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60573-0
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Lithium (Li) metal is a promising anode material for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, the plating/stripping of Li metal is often accompanied by the formation of dendrites, which produce a short lifespan and safety hazards. To date, various approaches have been developed to suppress the dendrite growth and regulate the uniformity of the solid electrolyte interphase. Carbon materials that are lightweight, highly conductive, porous, and chemically and physically stable have been used for stabilizing the Li metal. This review summarizes the advances in carbon materials used as hosts, electrolyte additives, and coating layers in stabilizing Li metal batteries (LMBs). The advantages and limitations of various carbon materials are discussed in terms of their structural and chemical properties. Prospects for the development of carbon materials for improving LMBs are considered.
Templating synthesis of porous carbons for energy-related applications: A review
GUAN Lu, HU Han, TENG Xiao-ling, ZHU Yi-fan, ZHANG Yun-long, CHAO Hui-xia, YANG Hao, WANG Xiao-shan, WU Ming-bo
2022, 37(1): 25-45. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60574-2
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Because of their large specific surface area, high chemical and thermal stability and good electrical conductivity, porous carbons have found wide applications in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Their performance hinges heavily on their structure, making the structural control of porous carbons a research frontier in their development. In addition to the straightforward hard-templating processes, soft templating synthesis is considered another appealing strategy for the precise engineering of porous carbons. We review recent progress on synthesizing porous carbon materials for energy storage and conversion using templating processes. First, the rise of this method of preparing porous carbons is outlined by comparing it with the traditional hard templating methods. Soft templating methods are then classified into top-down, state-change and bottom-up templates based on the template formation processes. The performance of these materials in electrochemical energy storage and conversion is presented, highlighting the advantages of this synthesis method. Finally, possible obstacles and future prospects are provided.
炭材料在低温型磷酸铁锂材料中的应用分析及展望
曹贺, 闻雷, 郭震强, 朴楠, 胡广剑, 吴敏杰, 李峰
2022, 37(1): 46-58. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60584-5
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磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池是目前电动汽车和储能领域应用最为广泛的电池体系之一,具有成本低廉、循环寿命长、安全性好等特点。但磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池在低温下的容量和循环寿命衰减问题一直制约了其在寒冷地区的推广和应用。因此磷酸铁锂材料本身低温放电性能的提高,对于改善磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池体系的低温放电特性具有重要意义。本文首先分析了磷酸铁锂为正极的锂离子电池的低温衰减机制,从炭材料作用的角度评述了低温型磷酸铁锂材料的研究进展,同时也关注了高倍率型磷酸铁锂材料。因磷酸铁锂的高倍率性能与低温特性具有很大的相似之处,两者对材料的要求基本接近,材料的设计原则和方法也基本相同。本文也重点分析了纳米炭材料,如碳纳米管和石墨烯等在低温型磷酸铁锂材料领域的应用。
Design and synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage
ZHU Cheng-yu, YE You-wen, GUO Xia, CHENG Fei
2022, 37(1): 59-92. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60579-1
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Because of damage to the environment and the energy crisis, the storage and use of sustainable energy, such as solar and wind, has become urgent. Much attention has been given to the use of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices in storing this energy. Electrode materials are critical to the performance of these devices, and carbon-based nanomaterials have become extremely promising components because of their unique and outstanding advantages. The structure design and controllable synthesis of electrode materials determine the electrochemical performance of EES to a large extent. In this review, strategies for carbon-based materials of different dimensionalities are summarized and their uses in different EES devices are given, providing an in-depth understanding of the relationship between material structure and electrochemical performance. Prospects for the design and synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials with exceptional performance for EES devices are given.
碳基集流体材料在钠金属负极中的应用
王艳, 朱铭, 刘昊轩, 张远俊, 吴宽, 王官耀, 吴超
2022, 37(1): 93-108. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60581-X
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室温钠离子二次电池是锂离子二次电池最有可能的替代品,也被认为是大规模能量存储技术的最有前景的选择之一。金属钠具有超高的理论容量以及低的氧化还原电位,因此被认为是最有前景的高比能钠离子电池的负极材料。然而,钠金属负极的应用仍面临一些挑战性,如钠枝晶的生长、钠金属与电解液之间的副反应、充放电过程中大的体积膨胀等。其中,钠枝晶生长不仅可以产生“死”钠和加速钠金属与电解液之间的副反应,导致容量的快速衰减,而且可能刺穿隔膜,引发电解液燃烧、电池爆炸等严重的安全问题。炭材料家族成员众多,可具有高机械强度、轻质量、高导电性、大比表面积和良好的化学稳定性等特性,近年来被广泛报道用于钠金属负极的集流体的研究。本文综述了最新的碳基集流体材料在钠金属负极上的研究进展,分析了碳基集流体的界面、结构与钠金属负极性能之间的关系,最后并对碳基集流体的未来研究面临的问题进行了展望。
Research progress on metal and covalent organic framework-based materials for high-performance supercapacitors
WANG Shuai, GUO Yu-zhe, WANG Fang-xiao, ZHOU Sheng-hu, ZENG Tian-yu, DONG Yu-bin
2022, 37(1): 109-135. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60586-9
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are both a series of crystalline porous materials. MOFs, COFs and their derivatives have attracted much attention in energy storage devices due to their highly ordered structures, large surface areas, tunable pore sizes and topologies, and well-defined redox-active porous skeletons. They must also have structural stability, an abundance of redox-active sites and high electronic conductivity for use in high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. We review the recent research progress on the design of MOFs and COFs, and their hybrids with conductive materials (e.g. conductive polymer, graphene and carbon nanotubes), and MOF- and COF-derived carbon materials. Their chemical and physical properties, capacitive performance and structure-property relationships are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MOF- and COF-based electrode materials are presented.
碳基非金属纳米材料用于二电子氧还原制备过氧化氢的研究进展
桑志远, 侯峰, 王思惠, 梁骥
2022, 37(1): 136-151. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60583-3
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电催化二电子氧还原反应(2e-ORR)制备过氧化氢(H2O2)凭借其高效、安全和绿色特点,逐步发展为一种可能替代工业蒽醌法的新途径。碳基纳米材料具有电子导电性高、结构稳定性好、纳米结构调控容易、成本低等优势,是一类具有良好前景的2e-ORR制备H2O2的催化剂。针对该类碳基电催化材料的发展现状及相应材料上的活性中心和反应机制进行详细论述有助于对本领域的最新进展实现全面、系统的认识。本文首先介绍了氧还原反应的四电子、二电子反应路径及相关机制;其次,综述了提高碳基纳米材料二电子氧还原活性和H2O2生成选择性的结构优化策略及其活性中心的设计思路,包括非金属单原子掺杂、双原子掺杂、结构缺陷和表面修饰等。最后,展望了电催化制备H2O2及相关催化材料的发展前景和面临的挑战。
介孔炭材料应用于电化学催化的研究进展
梁振金, 洪梓博, 解明月, 顾栋
2022, 37(1): 152-179. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60575-4
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由于介孔炭材料具有高比表面、均一可调的孔径尺寸和形貌、良好的导电性和化学稳定性等优点,已被广泛应用到催化、吸附、分离和电化学储能等领域。近年来,多组分的掺杂与复合使介孔炭材料拥有可调变的功能性,已成为材料领域研究的一个热点。本文首先介绍介孔炭材料的合成,包括软模板法、硬模板法和无模板法等。接着论述介孔炭及其复合材料在电化学催化领域的应用,主要包括杂原子掺杂介孔炭材料以及介孔炭材料与金属化合物的复合材料在电化学催化氧还原(ORR)、析氧(OER)、析氢(HER)等领域的研究进展。此外还论述了此类材料在电催化有机合成上的应用。最后对介孔炭及其复合材料在电化学催化上的发展趋势进行了展望。
Porous carbons for use in electro-Fenton and Fenton-like reactions
PAN Zhe-lun, QIAN Xu-fang
2022, 37(1): 180-195. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60578-X
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Electro-Fenton, photo-Fenton and Fenton-like reactions are important advanced oxidation processes for waste water treatment, which overcome the limitations of a narrow pH range and excessive iron sludge production in the classic Fenton reaction and have received great attention in the last few decades. The porous carbons in these Fenton-like reaction systems act as catalyst carriers to disperse active species, and as adsorbents to enrich reactants. They promote electron and mass transfer, prevente metal leaching and improve the efficiency of contaminant removal. They also promote the production and activation of hydrogen peroxide in electro-Fenton reactions and inhibit the recombination rate of electron/hole pairs in photo-Fenton reactions. There are well-developed synthesis methods for porous carbons, giving them different functionalities, and a high chemical and thermal stability, making them favored materials for use in these reactions. Recent developments in these fields are discussed.
Synthesis of mesoporous carbon materials from renewable plant polyphenols for environmental and energy applications
FENG You-you, CHEN Yi-qing, WANG Zheng, WEI Jing
2022, 37(1): 196-222. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60577-8
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Mesoporous carbon materials have a high specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry and pore structure, and good chemical stability and conductivity. They have attracted great attention for use in environmental remediation, industrial catalysis, energy conversion and storage. The carbon precursor is important for the synthesis of mesoporous carbons with different properties. Plant polyphenols are a kind of universal biomass with low cost, nontoxicity and sustainability that can be used as a carbon source. Most importantly, their good adhesion and metal chelating ability make them suitable for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon composites. Methods for the synthesis of different forms of mesoporous carbon from plant polyphenols are provided, including porous carbon foams, ordered mesoporous carbons, mesoporous carbon spheres, heteroatom-doped mesoporous carbons, and composites of mesoporous carbon with metals. Their uses in environmental and energy studies are summarized.
碳基电催化材料选择性合成过氧化氢研究进展
闫啸, 石文武, 王新中
2022, 37(1): 223-236. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60582-1
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过氧化氢(H2O2)作为一种环境友好型绿色氧化剂,在健康护理、污水处理和化学合成等领域均有广泛应用。近年来,其作为零碳型储氢材料在长期储能领域的应用前景也广受关注。当前H2O2的工业化生产主要依赖蒽醌工艺,步骤复杂、废水废气排放量大,且生产和运输过程存在安全隐患。电催化合成H2O2是近年来兴起的研究热点,通过利用清洁能源为动力源,以水和氧气为原料实现按需现场合成H2O2。兼具高活性、高选择性和稳定性的催化剂是实现高效选择性合成H2O2的关键。本文综述了碳基电催化材料在电催化合成H2O2领域的最新研究进展,包括催化位点调控,反应界面设计和催化剂结构优化等。通过合理设计催化剂组分和活性位点微环境调控,有望制备具有高稳定性的高效催化剂,缩小实验结果与理论预期的差距。希望本文可促进相关研究的进一步发展并最终实现按需合成H2O2的市场化应用。
研究论文
金属有机框架复合酚醛树脂基整体式亲水炭应用于空气水捕集
唐宋元, 王永胜, 原亚飞, 巴雅琪, 王立秋, 郝广平, 陆安慧
2022, 37(1): 237-244. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60576-6
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针对全球水资源短缺的问题,空气水捕集被认为是潜在的解决方案。吸附法空气水捕集技术具有装置结构简单、能量效率高、适用范围广等优点,受到广泛关注,其关键在于高性能多孔吸附剂的开发。多孔炭材料具有孔结构丰富、制备成本低等优点。但是常见炭材料的表面疏水,对于低浓度水汽吸附效果不显著。基于此,本文采用局部亲水强化的策略,通过在酚醛树脂交联骨架中穿插引入可衍生为极性位点的金属有机框架炭前驱体,制备了具有强亲水性的整体式多孔炭。进一步将其应用于“三明治”式空气水捕集装置,在40%~80%相对湿度环境中,吸附剂的水汽捕集质量分数可达约20%。这一调控策略也为制备整体式亲水炭材料应用于其他领域提供了新思路。
Optimizing the carbon coating to eliminate electrochemical interface polarization in a high performance silicon anode for use in a lithium-ion battery
QI Zhi-yan, DAI Li-qin, WANG Zhe-fan, XIE Li-jing, CHEN Jing-peng, CHENG Jia-yao, SONG Ge, LI Xiao-ming, SUN Guo-hua, CHEN Cheng-meng
2022, 37(1): 245-258. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60580-8
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Ordered and disordered carbons have been commonly used as coating materials for silicon (Si) anodes, however the effect of carbons with different crystallinities and pore structures on their electrochemical performance remains controversial. We used pitch and phenolic resin (PR) as the precursors of ordered and disordered carbon, respectively, to prepare carbon-coated silicon (Si@C) with strictly controlled carbon contents and surface functional groups. Their electrochemical behavior was investigated. An ordered crystalline structure is favorable for electron transport, and mesopores and macropores are conducive to the diffusion of lithium ions. Such a coating with a small pore volume is an excellent buffer for the expansion of Si, and the electrode maintains structural integrity for 50 cycles. A disordered porous structure is less robust and produces a large polarization, which produces continuous volume expansion with cycling and leads to inferior electrochemical performance. As a result, the capacity and capacity retention after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 of Si@C-Pitch are respectively 8 times and 1.9 times those of Si@C-PR. This study provides theoretical guidance for the selection of carbon materials used in Si@C anodes.
Glycine-derived nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons with a bimodal mesopore size distribution for supercapacitors and oxygen reduction
SHAO Ying, HU Ze-yu, YAO Yan, WEI Xiang-ru, GAO Xing-min, WU Zhang-xiong
2022, 37(1): 259-276. doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(22)60585-7
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Nitrogen-doped carbon materials are promising for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Dopant control and pore engineering play important roles in improving their performance. We have synthesized nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbons (N-OMCs) with a bimodal mesopore size distribution using a solvent-free nanocasting method. The simplest amino acid (glycine, Gly) was used as the only carbon precursor and ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 as the hard template. The confined pyrolysis of Gly in SBA-15 leads to efficient carbonization, nitrogen doping and an interesting structure. The N-OMCs have high surface areas (923–1374 m2·g−1), large pore volumes (1.32–2.21 cm3·g−1), a bimodal distribution of mesopore sizes (4.8 and 6.2–20 nm) and high nitrogen contents (3.66%–12.23%). The effects of the Gly/SBA-15 mass ratio (1–3) and carbonization temperature (700–1000 °C) on the physicochemical properties of the N-OMCs were studied. When used as electrode materials the N-OMCs have a high performance in supercapacitors. A typical sample has a large specific capacitance of 298 F·g−1, a good rate capability (70% retention at 30 A·g−1) and high stability. The different capacitances and rate capabilities of the N-OMCs are discussed by correlating them with their physicochemical properties. A balance of surface area, degree of graphitization, nitrogen doping, and an open mesoporous structure is essential to achieve the best performance. The N-OMCs also have a good performance in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. A typical sample has a high onset of 0.92 V, a high half-wave potential of 0.83 V and a large limiting current density of 5.06 mA·cm−2.